Blood transfusion is an important mode of transmission of infections to recipients. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections among blood donors. For this, a 3.5-year retrospective study, from October 2002 to April 2006 was conducted at the blood transfusion centre of Maharaja Agrasen Medical College, Agroha (Hisar) Haryana. Donors were screened for seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis. A total of 5849 donors were tested, out of which 4010 (68.6%) were replacement donors and 1839 (31.4%) were voluntary donors. The seroprevalence of HIV was 0.3% in the donors. No voluntary donor was found to be positive for HIV. The low sero-positivity among donors is attributed to pre-donation counseling in donor selection. The seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and syphilis was 1.7%, 1.0% and 0.9% respectively in total donors. The seroprevalence of hepatitis and syphilis was more in replacement donors as compared to voluntary donors.

Globally, pangolins are threatened by poaching and illegal trade. Taiwan presents a contrary situation, where the wild pangolin population has stabilized and even begun to increase in the last two decades. This paper illustrates the factors responsible for causing mortality and morbidity in the wild Taiwanese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla) based on radio-tracking data of wild pangolins and records of sick or injured pangolins admitted to a Taiwanese wildlife rehabilitation center. Despite being proficient burrowers, results from radio-tracking show that Taiwanese pangolins are highly susceptible to getting trapped in tree hollows or ground burrows. Data from Pingtung Rescue Center for Endangered Wild Animals showed that trauma (73.0%) was the major reason for morbidity in the Taiwanese pangolin with trauma from gin traps being the leading cause (77.8%), especially during the dry season, followed by tail injuries caused by dog attacks (20.4%). Despite these threats, Taiwan has had substantial success in rehabilitating and releasing injured pangolins, primarily due to the close collaboration of Taiwanese wildlife rehabilitation centers over the last twenty years.

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Background: Low back pain is a common health problem in the developed countries and is most commonly treated in primary healthcare settings. Improving functional performance in patients with chronic low back pain is of primary importance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Muscle Energy Technique (MET) & Muscle Energy Technique (MET) along with supervised exercises on pain and functional performance in subjects with chronic nonspecific low back pain.Objective: To evaluate the effect of impact of muscle energy technique along with supervised exercise program over muscle energy technique on quadrates lumborum and iliopsoas on pain and functional disability in non specific low back pain.Methodology: 30 diagnosed low back pain patients were assigned in to 2 groups. The Group A Muscle Energy Technique while Group B received Muscle Energy Technique along with supervised exercise program. Both groups received the selected treatment over a 2 week periods. Outcome measures were evaluated at baseline and 2nd week. Results:The study shows significant improvement in pain and functional disability in both groups those who received MET and MET along with supervised exercise program. But improvement was more marked in group who received MET along with supervised exercise program. Conclusion:The research hypothesis which states that there was more improvement in pain and functional disability who trained with Muscle Energy Technique along with supervised exercise program than only muscle energy technique in chronic non specific low back pain .

Although the nutritive value of cereal fodder seemed optimum, a lower voluntary feed intake in both deer and sheep contributed to inadequate nutrient intake compared to standard recommendation.