The present investigation centered on the application of response surface methodology to assess the engine operating parameters namely performance, combustion, emission, and vibration characteristics of variable compression ratio direct injection single-cylinder diesel engine operating with Niger seed oil methyl ester blend and hydrogen in dual fuel mode. Response surface models were developed using the experimental data of input and output variables. The fuel blend, load, compression ratio, and hydrogen flow rate were considered as input responses while the brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, cylinder pressure and net heat release rate, carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbon, Nitrogen oxides (NO x), smoke opacity, and RMS velocity respectively were considered as the output responses. The input conditions altered were: loads of 29.43 N (3 kgf), 58.86 N (6 kgf), 88.29 N (9 kgf), and 117.72 N (12 kgf), compression ratios of 16, 17.5, and 18.5, and the hydrogen flow rates of 5 lpm, 10 lpm, and 15 lpm. The output information of the test was assessed using response surface methodology (RSM) and the polynomial model (second-request) was created. The experimental values were in good match with RSM predicted values and maintained an R 2 value of more than 0.95 for all the test run combinations. Further, all the test points sustained comparatively within the 10% maximum deviation. Keywords Brake thermal efficiency • Compression ratio • Smoke opacity • Hydrogen • Cylinder pressure Abbreviations CR Compression ratio FB Fuel blend HFR Hydrogen flow rate (lpm) BTE Brake thermal efficiency (%) BSFC Brake specific fuel consumption (kg/kWhr) NSOME Niger seed oil methyl ester B20 20% NSOME in diesel CO Carbon monoxide (%) UHC Unburnt hydrocarbon (ppm) NOx Nitrogen oxides (ppm) CI Compression ignition ASTM American standards for testing materials ADC Analog to digital converter lpm Liter per minute CP Cylinder pressure (bar) NHRR Net heat release rate (J/deg.) q Net heat release rate (J/deg.) q Heat Heat transfer rate combustion chamber wall (J/deg.) V Volume change with crank angle (m 3 /deg.) p Pressure change with crank angle (bar/deg.)

No abstract

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a compression-ignition engine using hydrogen-compressed natural gas (HCNG)-enriched Kusum seed biodiesel blend (KSOBD20). The flow rate of HCNG was set at 5, 10, and 15 liters per minute (lpm), and the injection pressure was varied in the range of 180-240 bar. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were improved when HCNG was added to the KSOBD20. Combustion characteristics, namely, cylinder pressure (CP) and net heat release rate (NHRR), were also improved. Emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and smoke were also reduced, with the exception of nitrogen oxides (NO x ). The higher injection pressure (240 bar) had a positive effect on operating characteristics. At an injection pressure of 240 bar, for KSOB20 + 15 lpm HCNG, the highest BTE and the lowest BSFC were found to be 32.09% and 0.227 kg/kWh, respectively. Also, the CP and NHRR were 69.34 bar and 66.04 J/deg. CO, HC, and smoke levels were finally reduced to 0.013%, 47 ppm, and 9%, respectively, with increased NO x levels of 1623 ppm. For optimum results in terms of engine characteristics, the fuel combination

The current investigation is focused on the assessment of combustion, performance, and emission parameters of VCR compression ignition engine working with ZnO nanoparticles dispersed Baheda (Terminalia bellirica) oil biodiesel (BOBD20). The ZnO nanoparticles were considered at the accompanying extents, for instance, 50, 75, and 100 ppm. Besides, a 1:1 proportion of dispersant (QPAN80) was blended to ZnO nanoparticles. The entire experimentation was performed at four compression ratios such as 16.5:1, 17.5:1. 18.5:1, and 19.5:1, respectively. The ZnO nanoparticle dispersed BOBD20 has shown tremendous outcomes. The dispersant added fuel was shown encouraging outcomes than regular diesel and biodiesel. Among all, the BOBD20 + ZnO75 + DSP 75 was revealed better outcomes concerning the operating characteristics. Further, the positive impact was perceived with increasing compression ratio and attained encouraging outcome at CR19.5:1. For BOBD20 + ZnO 75 + DSP 75 and at CR19.5:1, the higher BTE and least BSFC were obtained was 34.89% and 0.305 kg/ kWh. Similarly, the highest combustion quantities for instance CP and NHRR were seen as 72.52 bar and 61.22 J/°CA, respectively. Finally, the minimum emissions of CO, UHC, and NO x, were 0.08%, 25 ppm, and 932 ppm, respectively for BOBD20 + ZnO75 + DSP75. KeywordsBiodiesel • Cetane number • Emission • Brake thermal efficiency • Cylinder pressure Abbreviations ZnO Zinc oxide BOBD20 20% Biodiesel in clean diesel BD100 Pure Baheda biodiesel ASTM American Standard for Testing Materials BOME20 20% Baheda Oil biodiesel and 80% standard diesel ZnO50 Zinc oxide 50 ppm ZnO75 Zinc oxide 75 ppm ZnO100 Zinc oxide 100 ppm * Jaikumar Sagari

No abstract