Introduction: Breast diseases are the major pathological lesion occurring among Tropical females with high co-morbidities. Cystic disease of breast is a broad entity often having many differentials clinically reaching out to the Pathologists. Epidermoid cysts of breast are condition occurring in cutaneous adnexae of extremities and its occurrence in breast is a rare entity. While trauma/therapeutic surgery including trucut biopsy is the major underlying cause, it is characterized by cystic lesion in dermis especially in peri-areolar region. Though radio-imaging serves to pick up cystic lesions, it downplays in categorizing the nature of the cyst. Cytology plays a major role in diagnosing the disease, appropriate clinico-pathological correlation with radio-imaging may improvise early pick up of this condition, thereby aiding in prompt treatment. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted for a period of 4 years with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the clinical details including history of surgery, trauma, site, socio-demography, size, radio diagnosis etc, were documented in a proforma. Patients are subjected to routine cytology procedure at clinician's request. Biopsy was done in specific indicated cases as therapeutic procedure and also for histological correlation the data are entered in tables and analysis was done aiming to frame clinico-pathological correlation with radio-imaging interpretation. Results and Observations: A total number of 10 cases were analysed in the study period. Left breast was predominantly affected and age incidence ranged between 3 rd to 5 th decade. While retro-areolar region was commonly involved, clinical diagnosis had many differentials. Cytology aspirates showed pultaceous to blood mixed material and corresponding Cytology showed keratinous cells with inflammation which were confirmed on histology on 7 available cases. Conclusion: Epidermoid cyst of breast is a rare condition and should be kept as one of the differential diagnosis by clinician and Pathologist while dealing with cystic breast diseases. Cytology procedure holds good in effective diagnosis of the condition and Clinico-Pathological correlation aids in improvising early diagnosis thereby alleviating patient's stress.
Back ground: Spinal SOLs are quite fascinating group of lesions, comprising a minority of central nervous system lesions often resulting in significant morbidity. There is paucity of comprehensive population-based data of these SOLs in Indian subcontinent. Material and methods: The present study was a retrospective descriptive study conducted at the department of pathology, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences for 3 years starting from January 2017 to December 2019. Results: We analyzed eighty-nine spinal SOLs during the study period. Spinal neoplasms encompassed the largest number accounting for 70.7% of total spinal SOLs. Majority were reported in the 20-40 years’ age group with predominant male preponderance except for universal phenomenon of female predominance in meningioma. Back pain was the most common clinical presentation. Among spinal neoplasms, NSTs comprising of schwannoma and neurofibroma, was the most common finding and spinal tuberculosis was the most common non-neoplastic SOL. Majority of benign spinal tumors were distributed in the intradural extra medullary location and involved thoracic vertebrae. Malignant tumors predominantly involved extradural location and were clustered along thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Measure of agreement between radiological and histopathological diagnosis using kappa statistics revealed almost perfect agreement for extradural spinal SOLs and moderate agreement for intradural intramedullary and intradural extra medullary SOLs. Conclusion: Comprehensive evaluation of spinal SOLs warrants multidisciplinary approach. Rapid advancements in radiology optimised diagnostic evaluation of non-neoplastic SOLs, however we conclude that histopathological evaluation is still the gold standard for diagnosis of primary spinal cord tumours and for planning the treatment and predicting prognosis.
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