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Recently, great attention has been paid to the development of earth rich and nonhazardous Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide (CZTS-Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 ) thin films for application in photovoltaic devices owing to its high absorption coefficient over the visible and infrared region. However, sulfurization process is an indispensable step in growing stoichiometric thin film using conventional physical vapor deposition. Hence, it is imperative to devise a liquid based technique without intentional sulfurization for the optimum quality growth of CZTS thin films. In the current work, layer-bylayer sol-gel deposition technique was utilized to grow high quality CZTS thin films without sulfurization and their structural and optical characteristics were investigated using XRD studies and UV-visible spectroscopy respectively. The morphology and chemical composition of the prepared CZTS films are estimated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis respectively.Highly absorbing and crystalline CZTS films have been successfully grown in the present work which could be further utilized as an absorber layer in photovoltaic applications. K E Y W O R D SCZTS, nontoxic, SEM, sol-gel, UV-visible, XRD | 1195 AMRIT eT Al.

In the present investigation, we report the incorporation of phosphorous (P) atoms in the activated carbon and study its effect on the electrochemical performance. Porous carbon is synthesized by the chemical activation method from a bioresource and then pretreated with nitric acid. Phosphorus atoms were doped by the simple chemical method. The obtained phosphorous-doped nano-materials show an appreciable change of porosity and creation of a more wide range of meso- and macropores, and this affects their adsorption and electrochemical performance. The electrochemical study shows that doped carbon obtained at 850 °C (ACtP-850) delivers the maximum specific capacitance (328 Fg−1) in neutral aqueous electrolyte (1 M Na2SO4). The doped carbon material not only exhibits good cycling performance but also the highest specific energy of 29 Wh kg−1 corresponding to a specific power of 646 W kg−1. The improved capacitive performance of phosphorous-doped porous carbon material proposes its use in energy storage applications.