Several studies have shown significant development in Indonesia tourism; however, works of literature that focus on the extent of successful stakeholders’ participation in Indonesia tourism are hard to be found. This study aims to determine the success of public-private partnership (PPP) in the development of tourism in Indonesia and uses a descriptive qualitative methodology by conducting a literature study on previous studies related to tourism development in Indonesia, which adopted the concept of PPP in 2012. The research result shows that the PPP concept can be effectively carried out in tourist destination development programs and tourist infrastructure improvement programs. In addition, several targets must be set to achieve the success of public private partnership in the development of tourism in Indonesia, namely: 1) creating competitive tourism globally or nationally, 2) creating cooperative tourism focusing on the service and tourist destination infrastructure, 3) creating tourism that has unique characteristics based on its natural conditions so it has its own identity.

Purpose This study aims to identify whether halal tourism, as advocated by Mastercard-Crescent Rating guidelines on halal tourism can be considered as supporting sustainable tourism. Design/methodology/approach Three Mastercard-CrescentRating 2019 Reports which are Global Muslim Travel Index, Indonesia Muslim Travel Index and Halal Travel Frontier were evaluated using a qualitative method supports by NVivo software to analyze text and images. Eight indicators (number of tourists, main motivations, main values, interaction with the community, interaction with the environment, most possible destinations, infrastructure and visitor monitorings) are used to classify halal tourism items into mass tourism (traditional, experiential and sensational) and non-mass (alternative) tourism. The qualitative analysis is supported by correlation analysis of GMTI scores with environmental performance index and the global sustainable competitiveness index scores. Findings The results showed that halal tourism has unique characters compared with mass and non-mass tourism types. However, halal tourism advocated by CrescentRating unlikely shows similarity with non-mass tourism. It tends to be traditional mass tourism, especially on the perspective of the type of activity, interactions with the environment and local communities, as well as the main values. Originality/value Previous research suggested the needs of halal tourism and its relations to sustainability. This research fills the gap by showing the halal tourism, in the perspective of Mastercard-CrescentRating is not prioritized toward sustainable tourism by qualitative and quantitative evidences. This study contributes to the knowledge of sustainability from Islamic perspectives and practices and provides a way to the theory of Islamic sustainable tourism. It also suggests improvements to halal tourism guidelines such as the transparency and guarantees that the profit will be used for social welfare, promotion of sustainability using Qur’anic verses and promotion on environmental and social empowerment activities.

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Ekowisata sebagai salah satu cara untuk mewujudkan pariwisata yang berkelanjutan telah memberikan kontribusi 20% dari perjalanan internasional dan memiliki pertumbuhan sekitar 5% per tahun. Destinasi ekowisata yang umumnya bercirikan lingkungan alam dengan keanekaragaman hayati, budaya, geologi dan meteorologi yang melimpah merupakan daya tarik utama yang dapat ditemukan di Kalimantan, dimana sekitar 73% merupakan wilayah Indonesia. Namun, Kalimantan dan destinasi ekowisatanya kurang terekspos dalam peta ekowisata global. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi latar belakang permasalahan tersebut dan menawarkan solusi untuk meningkatkan kesadaran akan keberadaan destinasi ekowisata di Kalimantan khususnya wilayah Indonesia dalam peta ekowisata dunia. Metode kualitatif melalui studi pustaka yang didukung dengan observasi menunjukkan bahwa ada enam masalah utama dalam ekowisata di Kalimantan, yaitu kemitraan, manajemen umum, akomodasi, bahasa, interpretasi dan keunikan produk. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pemetaan pemangku kepentingan, perencanaan kolaboratif, peningkatan layanan, optimalisasi tata letak, peningkatan kuantitas dan kualitas sumber daya manusia, peningkatan akses, penerapan Total Quality Management (TQM), penggunaan Eco-Tourist Needs Assessment (ETNA), revitalisasi rumah adat sebagai bangunan cagar budaya, pelatihan bahasa inggris, informasi sejarah, flora fauna dan pengembangan identitas unik (branding).

Abstract-Halal tourism is a new phenomenon based on demographic factors and needs to be taken into consideration by tourism destinations. Nature tourism, especially tourism in national parks, in this case, also has the potential to become a halal tourism destination. However, the parks' halal value still requires special consideration in some areas such as the provision of halal tour packages, worship facilities, visitor status and interaction with local communities. Moreover, considering that recreation is the fundamental activity of tourism that has no boundary, including religion so that the development of halal tourism in national parks still needs aware to the consumers' consumptive behavior.