The aim of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of thermotherapy by humid heat of nodal segments to reduce the incidence of microbial contaminants in the introduction phase of the in vitro propagation of Bambusa vulgaris. Two independent experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design using a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, four levels of temperature (25, 30, 40 and 50 °C) versus two treatment time intervals (5 or 10 min). Each treatment was composed of nine replications, corresponding to one single-nodal segment obtained from primary or secondary branches, in sucrose-free Murashige and Skoog medium with half the concentration of salts, supplemented with 6.5 g L-1 agar, 50 mg L-1 citric acid, 50 mg L-1 ascorbic acid, 200 mg L-1 chloramphenicol and 2 mg L-1 N6-benzylaminopurine. Isolation of prevalent mold fungi per repetition was conducted, and identification at genus level obtained from microcultures. The treatments corresponding to 50 °C for 5 or 10 min reduced significantly the fungal contamination that occurred at 11% and 0%, respectively, in nodal segments from primary branches, and 0% and 11%, respectively, in those from secondary ones. Fungi of genera Alternaria, Bipolaris and Curvularia were isolated from both types of segment, and Cladosporium from secondary branches only. The lowest percentages of mycelial growth detected in nodal segments submitted to both binomials demonstrated the effectiveness of the technique to reduce fungal contamination despite negative interference on sprouting.
RESUMOA substituição de nematicidas químicos por produtos ecologicamente sustentáveis é uma importante ferramenta no gerenciamento microbiológico do solo e no manejo de fitonematoides. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de isolados fúngicos na redução do parasitismo de Meloidogyne incognita em plantas de tomateiro. O experimento foi conduzido no Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste. Em ambiente protegido foram testados três isolados fúngicos e dois produtos comerciais. Ao 15º dia do início da germinação, procedeu-se com a inoculação dos substratos com os controles (isolados fúngicos do gênero Trichoderma e Gongronella ou produto comercial) e após cinco dias da inoculação dos substratos, procedeu-se a inoculação de 1.100 ovos de M. incognita por planta, exceto a testemunha geral. Aos 45 dias após a inoculação, foram avaliadas a biomassa fresca da parte aérea e raiz, número de galhas no sistema radicular (NGSR), número de ovos (NO), fator de reprodução (FR) e pigmentos fotossintetizantes. Para os teores de todos os pigmentos avaliados, o produto 1 e o isolado CTFN-18 apresentaram médias inferiores às obtidas pela testemunha. Apesar de alguns tratamentos terem influência negativa no teor de pigmentos, não foram observadas alterações na biomassa fresca da parte aérea e raiz. Para o NGSR apenas o produto 1 diferiu dos demais tratamentos, apresentando média superior. Tanto para o NO quanto para o FR, o isolado CTFN-18 não diferiu significativamente do produto 2 que apresentou as menores médias, o que aponta o grande potencial do isolado CTFN-18 para o controle biológico de M. incognita.Palavras-chave: biocontrole, nematoides das galhas, trichoderma.
<p>The Fruit from the Amazonian tucuma tree (<em>Astrocaryum aculeatum</em> Meyer) is almost entirely randomly extracted and thus, it holds a wide genetic variability, which diminishes its evenness besides several characteristics like pleasant flavor and thick pulp so appreciated when it comes to be consumed by humans. This fact is associated to the reproductive system, since it is a cross-pollinating plant. The present work assessed nine tucuma fruit accesses in Manaus, BR-174, Rio Preto da Eva and Vila do Equador, Rorainópolis Township, following the producers’ fruit preference indication. Simple correlation analysis indicates lipid content to be independent from the assessed characters, since it correlated to none of them. Therefore, the population formed from the selected accesses (BR 174, Jundiá 1, Manaus 1, Manaus 2), based on flavor, pulp thickness, yield and lipid content, will have a great chance of obtaining more uniform fruits that will please the consumers’ taste.</p>
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