The aim of this work was to test techniques to reduce microbial contamination in the phases of introduction and establishment of the <em>in vitro</em> cultivation of <em>Bambusa vulgaris</em> through two experiments. The first experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design using a factorial arrangement (pre-treatment of nodal segments using or not a solution of Derosal 500 SC<sup>®</sup> and Chloramphenicol × culture medium with half or full concentration of salts × culture medium with presence or absence of sucrose × culture medium with presence or absence of Plant Preservative Mixture<sup>TM</sup>). In a second experiment, carried out in a completely randomized design, the effect of different fungicides associated to Chloramphenicol in a liquid culture medium was tested. It was possible to verify that the isolated effects of the pre-treatment by immersion of the nodal segments in a solution of 4 mL L<sup>-1 </sup>of Derosal 500 SC<sup>® </sup>and 200 mg L<sup>-1 </sup>of Chloramphenicol for 30 minutes and explants placed in a sucrose-free medium reduced fungal contamination. In the second experiment, the treatment that reduced fungal contamination corresponded to explants placed for seven days in a liquid medium with half the concentration of salts, sucrose-free, with 2 mL L<sup>-1</sup> of Plant Preservative Mixture<sup>TM </sup>and with 4 mL L<sup>-1 </sup>of <sup> </sup>Derosal 500 SC<sup>®</sup> and 200 mg L<sup>-1 </sup>of Chloramphenicol.
Meloidogyne mayaguensis on Psidium guajava in Rio Grande do Norte This paper reports the occurrence of Meloidogyne mayaguensis on Psidium guajava cv. Paluma in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
Este é o primeiro assinalamento de Pratylenchus brachyurus em meloeiro (Cucumis melo) ocorrendo em condições naturais de campo no Brasil, no Pólo Açu-Mossoró, RN. São apresentados dados morfométricos da população encontrada.
Rotylenchulus reniformis em solo naturalmente infestado submetido a diferentes períodos de armazenamento. Fitopatologia Brasileira 31: 203-206. 2006. RESUMOO nematóide reniforme (Rotylenchulus spp.) sobrevive à dissecação melhor que a maioria das espécies de fitonematóides, havendo relato de sobrevivência de R. reniformis após 29 meses na ausência da hospedeira. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a sobrevivência de R. reniformis na ausência de hospedeira em solo naturalmente infestado, submetendo-o a diferentes períodos de armazenamento em laboratório. Aos 45, 90, 135 e 180 dias após o armazenamento, cinco amostras foram acondicionadas em vasos, onde foram plantados meloeiros (Cucumis melo) cv. Amarelo Ouro que foram mantidos em casa de vegetação por 80 dias. Foram avaliados os números totais de juvenis, machos e fêmeas imaturas no solo, fêmeas adultas na raiz e total de nematóides (solo+raiz) por unidade experimental. Testaram-se, em seguida, modelos lineares, logarítmicos e quadráticos para descrever o comportamento de cada variável em função do tempo de armazenamento. Os modelos quadráticos descreveram melhor a variação ocorrida, exceto para o número de fêmeas na raiz. As populações tenderam a decrescer após 90 dias de armazenamento, no entanto, após 180 dias de armazenamento e subseqüente cultivo do meloeiro no solo armazenado, a população no momento da colheita era equivalente a 83,41% da população de nematóides presentes no solo quando da coleta no campo.Palavras-chave adicionais: nematóide reniforme, anidrobiose, viabilidade. ABSTRACT Survival of Rotylenchulus reniformis in naturally infested soil submitted to different periods of storageThe reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus spp.) survives to dissecation better than most plant parasite nematodes, being recorded that R. reniformis survived after 29 months with no host. The aim of this research was to investigate the survival fo R. reniformis in the absence of host, in a naturally infested soil, submitted to different periods of storage, under laboratory conditions. At 45, 90, 135 and 180 days after storage, five soil samples were placed in pots and melon (Cucumis melo) cv. Amarelo Ouro were grown for 80 days under greenhouse conditions. Juveniles, males and imature females in the soil, adult females in root system and total of nematodes (soil+root) were recorded per experimental unit. Linear, logarithmic and quadratic models were tested to describe each variable in relation to storage time. Quadratic models fitted better the variation of all variables except for females in the root system for which the variation did not fit any of the models tested. Nematode populations tended to decrease after 90 days of storage. After 180-days storing soil and subsequently growth of melon in the soil stored, nematode population density at harvest was equivalent to 83.41% of population level at begin of storage.Additional keywords: reniform nematode, anhydrobiosis, viability.Variação da umidade no ambiente do solo é um dos fatores que influenciam o aumento pop...
The aim of the research was to test physical and chemical methods to reduce microbial contamination during the introduction and establishment of the in vitro propagation of Bambusa vulgaris by means of two experiments. The first one was conducted in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (removal or nonremoval of leaf residues covering the bud × two types of culture medium). The second experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (use or non-use of thermotherapy for nodal segments × three types of culture medium). Removal of leaf residues in the first experiment did not ensure a high sanitary level of the nodal segments, as well as thermotherapy at 50°C for 20 minutes in the second experiment, which affected sprouting. The liquid medium with half the concentration of salts, without sucrose, with 4 mL L -1 Derosal 500 SC ® and 200 mg L -1 Chloramphenicol in the first experiment resulted in 48% of nodal segments sprouted and free of contamination, this value being of 52% in the second experiment, proving to be the most effective tested chemical method to reduce microbial contamination. ResumoO objetivo da pesquisa foi testar métodos físicos e químicos para reduzir a contaminação microbiana durante as fases de introdução e estabelecimento da propagação in vitro de Bambusa vulgaris por meio de dois experimentos. O primeiro foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2 × 2 (remoção ou não dos resíduos da folha que cobre a gema × dois tipos de meio de cultura). O segundo experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2 × 3 (termoterapia ou não de segmentos nodais × três tipos de meio de cultura). A remoção dos resíduos da folha, no primeiro experimento, não assegurou alta taxa de sanidade dos segmentos nodais, assim como a termoterapia a 50°C por 20 minutos, no segundo experimento, que afetou a brotação das gemas. O meio líquido com metade da concentração de sais, sem sacarose, com 4 mL L -1 de Derosal 500 SC ® e 200 mg L -1 de Cloranfenicol no primeiro experimento, resultou em 48% de segmentos nodais brotados e livres de contaminação e em 52% no segundo experimento, provando ser o método químico testado mais eficaz na redução da contaminação microbiana.Palavras-chave adicionais: antibiótico; bambu; contaminação; fungicida; micropropagação.
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