Seed aging is a critical process during storage and plays an important role in maintaining seed vigor. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of seed storage on germination and the differential abundance of proteins associated with viability loss in Cariniana legalis (Mart.) O. Kuntze. Seeds were stored for 12 months at 6 °C in plastic bags. Analyses of germination were performed at time 0 (newly harvested seeds) and after 3, 6, and 12 months of storage. To identify differentially abundant proteins, two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed, followed by tandem mass spectrometric (MS/ MS) analysis. Germination, the germination speed index and the moisture content were significantly reduced during storage. Proteomic analysis revealed 50 differentially abundant proteins among the times analyzed; these proteins were classified into several functional classes related to the biological, metabolic, cellular, oxidation-reduction, carbohydrate metabolism, storage, aging, cell wall organization or biogenesis, response to stress and stimulus, and proteolysis categories. The correlation between seed aging and proteome changes suggests that specific proteins may be involved in the mechanisms underlying seed deterioration, including ferritin, seed maturation-like, 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase, 11S globulin, polygalacturonases, superoxide dismutase, heat shock proteins, and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). Our data showed that increasing storage time significantly reduced germination and revealed the regulation of differentially abundant proteins, which may be related to the reduction in seed viability in C. legalis.

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The objective of this work was to use the partial diallel methodology to compare double-haploid lines (DHs) of maize with lines obtained by traditional methods. To obtain hybrids, five double-haploid lines, used as female parents, were crossed with four testers, as male parents. Twenty hybrids were obtained from double-haploid lines, being: 8 experimental, and 8 commercial from Embrapa and 4 from other companies. Were evaluated; final stand (ST), tipping and breaking (LODG), plant height (PH), ear insertion height (EH), grain moisture at harvest (GM) and total grain weight (YIELD). Analysis of variance was performed, unfolding the degrees of freedom of the genotype, Tukey test at 5% probability, and the decomposition of the sums of squares of the treatments into general and specific combining ability for testers and DH lines. PH and EH were higher in hybrids derived from DHs lines, while productivity and final stand were higher in experimental controls. However, some hybrids, such as the hybrid DH1800007 presented higher YIELD than commercial and experimental controls. The data obtained demonstrate that hybrids derived from double-haploid lines, in addition to accelerating the time to obtain new cultivars, enable the development of hybrids with superior agronomic performance.

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