The most used methods for the maturation process are vacuum (wet-aged) and dry (dry-aged), which can influence the microbiological quality and safety of meat for consumption. In this study, we aimed to verify the differences in microbiological quality between beef (Longissimus dorsi) that was wet-aged and dry-aged for 30 days, by quantification of indicator microorganism groups and molecular identification of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. This study verified that the meat matured by the dry-aged method showed significantly lower counts of total coliforms, aerobic mesophiles, psychrotrophs, and molds and yeasts as compared to wet-aged meat. While the Salmonella spp. was not isolated in any beef sample, L. monocytogenes and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) were isolated only from wet-aged beef. Thus, it was concluded that the superficial dehydration of the meat during dry-aged maturation, if carried out correctly and hygienically, confers higher microbiological quality and can reduce the occurrence of microbiological hazards.
Cheese is a popular product that integrates the diet of the majority of the population, almost on a daily basis. It is rich in nutrients and, therefore, also an excellent substrate for the multiplication of microorganisms, including pathogens. The microbiological contamination of these products is highly relevant to the industry, resulting in an economic loss, and to public health, due to the risk of causing foodborne diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary quality and the presence of bacterial pathogens in the clandestine Minas Frescal cheeses sold in the street open markets of Araguaína, TO, Brazil. Twenty-one samples were collected to evaluate the presence of total (TC) and thermotolerant (TTC) coliforms, Escherichia coli, and the pathotypes enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS), Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes. The results showed that 100% of the cheese samples were in disagreement with the maximum standards of TC and TTC defined in the Brazilian legislation that regulates food quality control. In addition, 85.71% of the samples had values above the standard Brazilian maximum limit. In the study of diarrheagenic E. coli, 52.38%, 66.6%, and 4.76% of the samples were positive for EPEC, STEC, and EHEC, respectively, indicating fecal origin contamination of the samples and a potential consumer risk. No Salmonella spp. or Listeria monocytogenes were detected in these cheese samples. The high count of total and thermotolerant coliforms found in the samples demonstrates unsatisfactory sanitary conditions in the production, storage, and/or commercialization of this food product. The presence of EPEC, STEC, EHEC, and coagulase-positive staphylococci at high concentrations shows the health risk of the imminent consumption of Minas Frescal cheese.
A atual legislação que regulamenta a pesquisa de fraudes em leite, limita o método oficial para pesquisa de álcool etílico. Outros compostos alcoólicos e químicos, potenciais reconstituintes do índice crioscópico, podem então passar despercebidos pelo controle da qualidade das indústrias, uma vez que o método oficial poderia não ser suficiente na detecção destes. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar se o método previsto para detecção de etanol é suficiente na detecção de outros compostos alcóolicos (metanol, propanol, butanol) e acetona, a sua sensibilidade analítica e a influência no potencial reconstituinte de diferentes concentrações no índice crioscópico do leite. Este estudo mostrou que o método de pesquisa de etanol possui uma sensibilidade analítica considerada satisfatória (0,01%), e é ainda melhor para a pesquisa dos outros álcoois e acetona (0,005%). O potencial reconstituinte do índice crioscópico do metanol foi superior em relação às outras substâncias avaliadas. A presença de etanol, metanol, propanol, butanol e acetona no leite indica que o produto foi duplamente fraudado: com água e então com uma dessas substâncias utilizadas para recompor a crioscopia e, mesmo em baixas concentrações, podem expor o consumidor a riscos químicos. A técnica recomendada pela legislação para pesquisa de etanol no leite, mostrou-se suficiente e sensível para a detecção de etanol e outros compostos alcoólicos e acetona, e pode ser utilizada pelo controle da qualidade das indústrias para a detecção dessas substâncias.
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