Vaccines have become fundamental in the control and elimination of Glässer Disease, a systemic disease of pigs caused by Haemophilus parasuis. The classic vaccines available for prevention of this infection were developed without a robust knowledge about host immunological mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrated the presence of cross-reactive epitopes on both the N-lobe and C-lobe of variants of transferrin binding protein B (TbpBs) expressed on the surface of 6 virulent serovars of H. parasuis. Antibodies against TbpB-derived antigens were capable of increasing the phagocytic capacity of neutrophils and were also capable of blocking porcine transferrin from binding to TbpB. Surprisingly, none of the pig or mice antisera from animals immunized with TbpB-derived antigens mixed with Montanide IMS 2215 VG PR adjuvant were able to activate the classical complement pathway (CCP). In contrast, antisera from mice immunized with TbpB-derived antigens adjuvanted with Freund’s adjuvants or Montanide Gel 01 were able to activate the CCP and kill H. parasuis. Our results demonstrate that the type of adjuvant can modulate the functional response induced by TbpB-derived antigens. Based on these results, we propose that a properly formulated TbpB-based vaccine may elicit a functional protective antibody response with broad cross-reactivity against heterologous strains of H. parasuis.

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OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess the quality of primary health care services through self-reports by caregivers of children and adolescents living in quilombola communities in Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study in accordance with the STROBE (STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology). Exposure variables included sociodemographic characteristics; and outcome variable was the quality of primary health care offered to quilombola children and adolescents. RESULTS: A total of 68 individuals participated in the survey. Quilombolas have a low income, a lower level of education, do not work, and receive government benefits. Our results showed that the quality of primary health care, measured by the experience of caregivers of quilombola children and adolescents, generally presents satisfactory values. CONCLUSION: The quality of primary health care has generally satisfactory values. However, as these results differ from most studies, more research should be conducted.

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Protothecosis is an important infection caused by Prototheca spp., an alga that affect humans and animals. Prototheca spp. infections determine losses of production and quality of life for the affected animals. In this disease, prevention and early diagnosis are essential to avoid the spread of the agent to susceptible hosts. This review aimed to assemble the reported cases of protothecosis in Veterinary Medicine, highlighting Prototheca species involved in the infections, the main animal species affected, as well as the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. Our findings showed that protothecosis has been reported in various domestic and wild animal species, presenting diverse clinical manifestations, including mastitis in cows, respiratory manifestations in goats and cats, and a wide range of clinical signs in dogs. The clinical diagnosis and treatment of Prototheca spp. infections are difficult and infected animals are frequently discarded or euthanized. Due to the importance of this infection, protothecosis must be considered an important differential diagnosis in routine clinical Veterinary Medicine.