For centuries, engraving, which is used in printing as a technique of printing and in the field of art as a means of expression, is a method developed for the access of the works of the artists to more people and reproduction of their works. Engravings reflect the natural environment, cultural and social life of the period in which they are built as well as artistic values, and show us the changes and carry important documentary qualities. It is noted that traditional methods are used in art education in Turkey and in engraving techniques applied in special artist workshops. This has been proven in researches that have traditionally been used to paint techniques and the health-threatening harmful effects of their materials. It is known that asphalt varnish used as a plate preservative, nitric acid used for abrading, especially used in conventional methods, causes health problems and poses a serious threat to cancer and death in advanced stages. In this study, successful results were obtained by using polyol and talens liquid masking film in the primer-related tests used to protect the plate surface. Instead of nitric acid, zinc salt can be used as abrasive salt, copper abrasive can be used as abrasive. As a different technique, non-toxic techniques such as sprayed aquatinta, sugary tile, collagraphy, carborundum and chine collec were tried and successful results were obtained. Young people who prefer art education face very early ages with harmful and carcinogenic substances that should not be in the educational process. In order to prevent this, it is urgent to change the techniques and materials applied in the training process to nontoxic ones.
Gravür sanatı, yüzyıllar boyunca teknikleri geliştirilerek sanat tarihi içerisinde yerini almıştır. Başlangıçta sanat eserlerinin daha çok kişiye ve eve ulaşmasını sağlamak için reprodüksiyon amaçlı kullanılan gravür, günümüzde kendi başına sanatsal bir ifade aracına dönüşmüştür. Venedikli, İtalyan bir mimar, mimarlık tarihçisi, arkeolog ve düşünür olan Giovanni Battista Piranesi'nin (1720-1778) zindan çizimleri olarak bilinen gravürleri, içlerinde barındırdıkları gerçekliğin farklı ifadeleri, hayali ve antik referansları ile birlikte birçok bilinmezliği de içinde barındıran gizemli mekânlardan oluşmaktadır. Sanat tarihinde zindan ve hayali hapishane gravürleri olarak bilinen bu mekânlar, zindandan çok farklı giriş çıkışları olan, merdivenleri, asma katları, kubbeli ve iç içe geçmiş odaları ile aslında daha çok anıtsal ve devasa mekân tasvirleridir. Bu araştırmada, pek çok kişi tarafından bilinmeyen Piranesi gravürleri, görselleri üzerinden tartışılarak biçim ve içerik bakımından incelenecektir.
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