Objectives: To study the impact of anti-inflammatory agent like Bryophyllum pinnatum aqueous extract and diclofenac on blood pressure and creatinine clearance. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: Sargodha Medical College, Sargodha, Department of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha. Period: 1st January 2019 to 30th June 2019. Material & Methods: 24 Sprague Dawley rats were obtained and were then divided into four groups. Negative control group (A) contained animals received normal diet while Group B, C and D received diet containing sucrose (20% w/w) to induce hypertension. After that group B (positive control group) received distilled water 0.5 ml was by oral route, group C (Bryophyllum pinnatum group) received Bryophyllum pinnatum aqueous extract 300 mg/ml intraperitoneally and group D received diclofenac 12 mg/kg intraperitoneally as a single morning dose for two weeks. Blood pressure of animals was recorded at baseline and then weekly throughout the study using tail cuff using non-invasive blood pressure controller (ML125R). Animals were anesthetised with chloroform and two ml blood was drawn through cardiac puncture at 0, 4and 6 weeks. Blood was tested for haematocrit. Serum sodium and potassium levels were estimated by flame photometer. Urinary creatinine levels were estimated by kinetic Jaffé method. The data collected was processed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 20). Results: Mean and standard deviation of systolic blood pressure (BP) of group A rats did not change with time, while that of group B, C and D increased till 4th week. Creatinine clearance of group A, B and C did not change much with time but that of group D decreased towards end of study period. Conclusion: Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf aqueous extract is an effective anti-hypertensive agent with minimal renal effects.

The effects of atriopeptin III (AP III) on the left ventricular and renal functions were studied in thirteen chronically instrumented conscious dogs and compared to those of the solvent (saline). In the normovolaemic state, an AP III infusion (1 microgram kg-1 min-1 i.v.) had no effects on heart rate, on mean arterial or left ventricular pressure, on (dP/dt) Max (2989 +/- 119 vs. 3007 +/- 155 mmHg s-1; NS) or on the relaxation rate. The left ventricular endocardial and epicardial coronary blood flows (radioactive microspheres) and the renal flow in the outer cortex (707-683 ml (min-1 100 g-1); NS) or in the inner cortex (563-570; NS) were also insignificantly affected by AP III infusion. However, AP III increased urinary flow from 24 +/- 6 to 36 +/- 7 ml h-1 (P less than 0.025) and the Na+ and Cl- excretions by 92 and 98%, respectively, (P less than 0.025 and P less than 0.01 vs. saline group) without altering significantly K+, urea and creatinine eliminations. In the moderately hypovolaemic state (mean reduction in renal flow: outer cortex - 15%; P less than 0.05, inner cortex - 5%; NS), AP III infusion at two doses (1 and 3 micrograms kg-1 min-1) still had no effects on arterial pressure and on the indexes of left ventricular inotropic state and relaxation but in this setting, the diuretic effect of AP III became variable. Five dogs markedly increased their excretion of water, Na+ and Cl- whereas no change was noted in the seven remaining dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

ABSTRACT… Introduction: Reduced bone density in postmenopausal women is a complex disease with a strong genetic association. Causative factors are both acquired and genetic. Single nucleotide polymorphisms may be associated with genetic predisposition of this condition. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find out an association between single nucleotide polymorphism (rs4845617) of IL-6R (Interleukin 6 receptor) gene and reduced bone density in cases of postmenopausal women and controls. Study Design: It is a retrospective case-control study. Duration: From March 2017 to Nov 2017. Setting: Different hospitals of Sargodha. Material and Method: About 30 blood samples were collected from postmenopausal women affected with reduced bone density and 30 healthy age-and gender-matched controls. All the blood samples underwent DNA extraction, Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing techniques. Result: In this study, post menopausal women were screened for the rs4845617 in IL-6R gene for their association with reduced bone density. The chi-square test of independence showed that G allele of rs4845617 was significantly associated with reduced bone density in postmenopausal women (OR=2.28, χ 2 =8.98, p=0.002). Conclusion: Our results signify that this polymorphism may play a role in reduced bone density susceptibility in postmenopausal women.