<p>The term competitiveness is a relative concept whose perception changes with the level of conducted analysis (nation, sector, company). Thus, a variety of internal and external factors can have deep effects on the competitiveness of a given entity. This paper aims to evaluate the competitiveness of Moroccan exports by identifying the main determinants that explain their performance. This is particularly dealing with the impact of customs’ tariff, the tariff of import, foreign demand, the share of the non-residents in the capital of domestic enterprises and the investment rate compared to the value of exporters.</p><p>Moreover, this paper presents a literature review on competitiveness and examines the main results of our econometric analysis regarding the determinants of export competitiveness applied to the top ten branches most exporters in Morocco. The gained results allow confirming the sensitivity of exports by branch to the situation of Morocco’s main trading partner namely the European Union while emphasizing, quantitatively, on the role played by the investment effort undertaken by Moroccan exporting companies in improving the competitiveness of national exports.</p>

AbstractObjectiveThis paper is establishing the relationship between the spreading dynamics of the Covid-19 pandemic in Morocco and the efficiency of the measures and actions taken by public authorities to contain it. The main objective is to predict the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco and to estimate the time needed for its disappearance.MethodsFor these reasons, we have highlighted the role of mathematical models in understanding the transmission chain of this virus as well as its future evolution. Then we used the SIR epidemiological model, which proves to be well suited to address this issue. It shows that identification of the key parameters of this pandemic, such as the probability of transmission, should help to adequately explain its behaviour and make it easier to predict its progress.ResultsAs a result, the measures and actions taken by the public authorities in Morocco allowed to record lower number of virus reproduction than many countries.ConclusionSo, in the case of Morocco, we were able to predict that the Covid-19 pandemic should disappear in a shorter time and without registering a larger number of infected individuals compared to other countries.

Globalization has changed the way goods and services are produced. The activities that form the value chains of many products and services are increasingly fragmented across the globe and between firms. But the question is how we get positive economic and social benefits by taking part in these global value chains. In the case of Morocco, it appears that the current form of its integration in Global Value Chains (GVCs) has only a limited effect on economic growth in the long-term. Indeed, despite the continued growth of Moroccan exports since 2011, the local added value in these exports has not increased so much. Consequently, the current stage of Morocco in GVCs does not allow improvement of per capita income and employment rates. In this respect, moving upmarket in GVCs and discovering of a new, more complex sector is no minor detail, but proves to be an absolute necessity for the territorial development of Morocco.

Globalization has changed the way goods and services are produced. The activities that form the value chains of many products and services are increasingly fragmented across the globe and between firms. But the question is how we get positive economic and social benefits by taking part in these global value chains. In the case of Morocco, it appears that the current form of its integration in Global Value Chains (GVCs) has only a limited effect on economic growth in the long-term. Indeed, despite the continued growth of Moroccan exports since 2011, the local added value in these exports has not increased so much. Consequently, the current stage of Morocco in GVCs does not allow improvement of per capita income and employment rates. In this respect, moving upmarket in GVCs and discovering of a new, more complex sector is no minor detail, but proves to be an absolute necessity for the territorial development of Morocco.

Since the work of Imbs and Wacziarg (2003), most recent studies confirm a positive relationship between export diversification and income per capita (Cadot et al., 2011;Agosin et al., 2012). Therefore, export diversification appears as an important lever for economic growth. This type of export strategy contradicts the conventional theories of international trade, such as ricardien model, which considers that countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have a comparative advantage. However, recent literature and international experience have shown that more diversified countries tend to have faster and inclusive economic growth (Hesse, 2009). Thereby, export diversification can also help to improve international competitiveness, especially in developing contries. For the case of Morocco, this conclusion suggests that greater stage of export diversification would lead to a higher level of economic development.