The present study was carried out in the postgraduate department of Pathology at Government Medical College, Srinagar, India, to study the histopathological pattern of primary bone tumors in Kashmir valley over a period of 15 years. During this study, 373 histologically proven primary bone tumors were analyzed. Out of these, 298 were benign (79.89%) and 75 were malignant (20.10%). Peak incidence was in the second and third decade of life with male predominance. Among the malignant tumors, the highest incidence was that of Osteosarcoma (52%), followed by Ewing's sarcoma (24%) and Chondrosarcoma (14%). Osteochondroma (49%) was the most frequent tumor in the benign category. The most commonly affected bones were femur, tibia and humerus in that order. Comparison with similar studies from other parts of the globe indicate that the relative frequency of primary bone tumors appears to be low but shows a rising trend in the last 10 years in this part of the world.

Aims: Overexpression of Her2/neu is associated with increased disease recurrence and worse prognosis in many cancers. the aim of this study was to correlate Her2/neu positivity with the histopathological features in carcinoma gallbladder. Methods: this study was conducted on 54 cholecystectomy specimens of carcinoma gallbladder in a superspecialty referral center from January 2007 to July 2011. A gross evaluation of tumor, study of histopathology and immunohistochemical staining was done for Her2/neu. the relative frequency of Her2/neu positivity was scored and correlated with other histological prognostic parameters of the tumor. results: Maximum cases in our study were in stage t2 at the time of diagnosis and most of them were moderately differentiated carcinoma.

Background: Iodine defıciency is the most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide.     Anemia is often the first sign of hypothyroidism and it is often not diagnosed because hypothyroids have a lower volume of plasma which causes a false high estimation of the amount of haemoglobin in the blood. The anemia observed may be normocytic and normochromic, hypochromic and microcytic, or macrocytic.  Material methods:  The study was conducted in the Postgraduate department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, Government Medical College Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir India. It was prospective study, extending over a period of one year from 1st October 2013 to 30th September 2014. Results: Out of the 70 patients, 13 males were (18.57%) and 57 were females (81.43%) patients resulting in Male: Female ratio of 1:4.4, moreover 38(54.29%) patients presented as subclinical hypothyroidism while as 32(45.71%) patients presented as overt hypothyroidism. Thus more cases of sub-clinical hypothyroidism were seen than overt hypothyroidism in our setting. . Over all grading of anemia in all 38 anemic hypothyroid patients irrespective of gender showed that most of the patients were in the category of moderate anemia (63.16%). Conclusion: and it was observed that 38 patients had anemia so, frequency of anemia in hypothyroid patients in our setup came out to be 54%. Normocytic normochromic anemia (anemia of chronic disease) was the commonest type of anemia observed in 55.26% of anemic hypothyroid patients followed by macrocytic (21.05%) and microcytic anemia (18.42%). Key words: Anemia, Hypothyroidism, Anemia of chronic disease, Microcytic hypochromic anemia.