One problem that often arises during the formulation of a dosage form is the solubility and dissolution of the active ingredients. This problem arises in ciprofloxacin, which is a BCS class IV fluoroquinolone antibiotic. A pseudopolymorph is a kind of polymorph in which the number of hydrates is different. In this study, a new pseudopolymorph comprised of ciprofloxacin and salicylic acid was found, namely the salt ciprofloxacin salicylate 1.75 hydrate form. This new solid phase was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and thermal analysis and proven by Powder X-ray Diffractometry (PXRD) analysis. The crystal structure was successfully determined by Single Crystal X-ray Diffractometry (SCXRD) analysis. It was found that the piperazinyl group of ciprofloxacin is protonated by H+ from the carboxylic group of salicylic acid. In the unit cell, two ciprofloxacin and two salicylic acid molecules were independent with four water molecules, in which one water molecule had 0.5 occupancy due to inversion symmetry. Interestingly, this hydrate crystal dehydrated by grinding for 105 minutes forms an anhydrous crystalline phase, which was analyzed with FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and PXRD. The solubility and dissolution tests were carried out using UV-Visible spectrophotometry and a multiple linear regression method. This new hydrate solid phase has a better profile than the original ciprofloxacin crystal, according to the solubility and dissolution tests.

Introduction: Diphtheria is an upper respiratory tract infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheria bacterium. The recent diphtheria outbreak caused a large number of deaths in rapid period. This is due to the absence of a fast and precise method of diphtheria diagnosis. Current diagnosis practices aredone by cultivating bacteria which takes a relatively long time, which is 3 to 5 days, while the patients may already develop severe infection by the time the results are accessible. Therefore, a sensitive, easy and fast diphtheria diagnostic method is needed so that patients suspected of being infected can betreated quicker.Methods: This advertorial is written based on literature study method.Result: The diphtheria diagnostic kit was designed based on the DNA hybridization method by using DNA microarray. There are probes on the microarray plate in the form of a single stranded DNA fragment that is complement to the unique area of gene that encodes diphtheria toxin. The test sample wasobtained from the preparation of the patient's throat smear and labeled with a fluorescence marker before dropped onto the plate. Thus, if there is diphtheria DNA in the patient's sample, hybridization will occur between diphtheria DNA and the complementary DNA probe. The occurrence of hybridization will be characterized by fluorescence as an indicator of whether patients have diphtheria or not. The application of this diagnostic kit can shorten the diagnosis of C. diphtheria to less than 24 hours .Conclusion: Diphtheria diagnostic kit based on DNA hybridization can be made and applied.