ObjectiveTo explore the effects of proximal fibular osteotomy as a new surgery for pain relief and improvement of medial joint space and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis.MethodsFrom January 2015 to May 2015, 47 patients who underwent proximal fibular osteotomy for medial compartment osteoarthritis were retrospectively followed up. Preoperative and postoperative weight-bearing and whole lower extremity radiographs were obtained to analyse the alignment of the lower extremity and ratio of the knee joint space (medial/lateral compartment). Knee pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale, and knee ambulation activities were evaluated using the American Knee Society score preoperatively and postoperatively.ResultsMedial pain relief was observed in almost all patients after proximal fibular osteotomy. Most patients exhibited improved walking postoperatively. Weight-bearing lower extremity radiographs showed an average increase in the postoperative medial knee joint space. Additionally, obvious correction of alignment was observed in the whole lower extremity radiographs in 8 of 47 patients.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that proximal fibular osteotomy effectively relieves pain and improves joint function in patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis at a mean of 13.38 months postoperatively.

The mechanisms of chemoresistance and nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for platinum drugs were detailed summarized in this review. The current combination therapy provided an effective strategy to overcome the platinum drug resistance.

We studied the arterial bypass design problem using a level set based topology optimization method. The blood flow in the artery was considered as the non-Newtonian flow governed by the Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the modified Cross model for the shear dependent viscosity. The fluid-solid interface is immersed in the design domain by the level set method and the fictitious porous material method. The sensitivity velocity derived by the level set based continuous adjoint method was utilized to control the evolution of the level set function. In order to accommodate the irregular analysis domains, the flow equations and the level set equations were computed on two different unstructured grids respectively. Three idealized arterial bypass configurations problems with the minimum flow shear stress objective were studied in the numerical examples. The results indicated that the optimal arterial bypass designs can effectively reduce integral of the squared shear rate in the artery and have a superior performance for the arterial grafting.

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