The soybean isoflavone daidzein has been extensively studied. Equol represents the main active metabolite of daidzein in vivo. Due to its broadly biological activities, the preparation and characterization of equol have attracted a great deal of interest. In this review, the focus of attention is placed on the approaches to equol production, including the total synthesis of equol, equol from natural bacteria fermentation and synthetic biology for equol production. It is expected that the industrial production of equol with high yield could be realized in an economic way in the future. In addition, pharmacological activities and clinical applications of equol are also discussed to gain a systematically understanding as to the prospect of development for equol. Practical applications Equol is the main active metabolite of daidzein in vivo and considered to be the most active metabolite of the soybean isoflavones. It has broadly biological activities, including antitumor, antioxidative properties, cardiovascular protection, and relieve menopausal symptoms. However, only 25%–30% of young people can excrete equol in vivo when supplied with soy foods. So, it is necessary to develop efficient methods for equol preparation. Meanwhile, more systematic researches for the pharmacological activity of equol are also required. As mentioned above, this manuscript entitled “Advances in exploring Equol production and application,” hoping that this review should draw widespread attention.
(S)‐equol, the most active metabolite of the soybean isoflavones in vivo, has exhibited various biological activities and clinical benefits. Existing studies on the heterologous biosynthesis of (S)‐equol via the engineered E. coli constructed have been significantly progressed. In the present study, the engineered E. coli was further improved to be more suitable for (S)‐equol production. The four enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of (S)‐equol and another GDH for NADPH regeneration were combined to construct the recombinant E. coli BL21(DE3). The optimal conditions for (S)‐equol production were explored, respectively. The yield of equol reached 98.05% with 1 mM substrate daidzein and 4% (wt/vol) glucose. Even when the substrate concentration increased to 1.5 mM, (S)‐equol could maintain a high yield of 90.25%. Based on the 100 ml one‐pot reaction system, (S)‐equol was produced with 223.6 mg/L in 1.5 h. The study presented a more suitable engineered E. coli for the production of (S)‐equol.
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