Eccrine spiradenoma (ES) is a rare, benign adnexal neoplasm that may easily be mistaken for glomus lesions or angioleiomyoma due to its painfulness and florid vascularization. A 44-year-old male with a blue-colored, nodular tumor on the left knee, present for 10 years, was submitted for diagnosis. Dermatological examination was undertaken, followed by surgical excision of the subcutaneous lesion and histopathological examination of the tissue. Subjective symptoms included tenderness upon palpation and routine investigations were within normal limits. Immunohistochemical analysis of the tumor cells demonstrated positive staining for CK5/CK6, CK8/CK18, S100, as well as small vacuole-like positive for EMA, and was therefore diagnosed as ES. The results of the present study suggest that immunohistochemical assays may be helpful to clarify the diagnosis and differentiate ES from other painful subcutaneous tumors exhibiting similar clinical and histological presentations.
(S)‐equol, the most active metabolite of the soybean isoflavones in vivo, has exhibited various biological activities and clinical benefits. Existing studies on the heterologous biosynthesis of (S)‐equol via the engineered E. coli constructed have been significantly progressed. In the present study, the engineered E. coli was further improved to be more suitable for (S)‐equol production. The four enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of (S)‐equol and another GDH for NADPH regeneration were combined to construct the recombinant E. coli BL21(DE3). The optimal conditions for (S)‐equol production were explored, respectively. The yield of equol reached 98.05% with 1 mM substrate daidzein and 4% (wt/vol) glucose. Even when the substrate concentration increased to 1.5 mM, (S)‐equol could maintain a high yield of 90.25%. Based on the 100 ml one‐pot reaction system, (S)‐equol was produced with 223.6 mg/L in 1.5 h. The study presented a more suitable engineered E. coli for the production of (S)‐equol.
The aim of this study was to improve the level of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP). Two cases of type B LyP were identified and the literature was reviewed to summarize the clinical outcomes and pathology of LyP and its treatment. The two patients exhibited symptoms with papulonodular lesions, the centers of which gradually underwent ulceration and necrosis. CD30, a helper T-cell marker specifically expressed in tumor cells was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and the result showed that CD30-negative or only scattered CD30-positive cells were present. Therefore, a diagnosis of type B LyP was made. A fairly good curative effect was achieved following treatment with retinoic acid, glucocorticoids and immunomodulatory drugs. LyP is a type of low-level malignant lymphoma and is easily misdiagnosed as pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta and other diseases. In order to avoid under diagnosis and misdiagnosis, doctors should evaluate suspected patients by histopathological and immunohistochemical examination.
Abstract. Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN), formerly known as agranular cluster of differentiation (CD)4 + /CD56 + hematodermic neoplasm, is a rare and aggressive type of lymphoma, with only ~100 cases reported worldwide. BPDCN is a hematological malignancy derived from precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and is clinically characterized by cutaneous manifestations involving the lymph nodes and peripheral blood, a leukemia-like dissemination and a poor prognosis. The present study reports the case of a 54-year-old male who presented with symptoms characteristic of BPDCN. Pathological and immunohistochemical analysis of abdominal skin lesion biopsies were used to determine a diagnosis of stage ⅢE BPDCN. Although cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone chemotherapy was administered, the patient succumbed to BPDCN nine days after the discontinuation of chemotherapy. Thus, the period from BPDCN presentation to mortality was ≤3 months. The case reported in the present study was characterized by rapid development and poor prognosis, and displayed additional features of BPDCN, including systemic dissemination and a short survival period. IntroductionBlastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare and highly invasive type of malignant hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue tumor (1). Since BPDCN was initially reported by Adachi et al (2) in 1994, it has been successively reported in the literature. In 2004, Chaperot et al (3) identified that the BPDCN tumor functions similarly to plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), and, thus, proposed that it may be derived from the precursor of the pDC. Subsequent studies determined that the BPDCN tumor cells express the highly specific pDC markers, blood dendritic cell antigen (BDCA)-2/cluster of differentiation (CD)303 and BDCA-4/CD304, supporting the hypothesis that the BPDCN tumor is derived from pDC (4). In 2005, the World Health Organisation (WHO) European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer classification of cutaneous lymphomas recommended the use of the term CD4 + /CD56 + hematodermic neoplasm (5,6). In 2008, the tumor was officially named BPDCN in the WHO classification of lymphoid and hematopoietic tumors and was listed as a novel, independent type of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue disease (7).BPDCN can occur in individuals of all ages (range, 8 months-103 years), however, it predominantly occurs in the elderly (8). Skin involvement is the most prominent clinical feature and includes isolated, confined or generalized plaques or nodules. The plaque diameter ranges from a few millimeters to over ten centimeters, while the color ranges from dark red to characteristic purple, and ulcers occasionally occur. The manifestations of this disease also occasionally involve the mucosae (9,10). In addition to the initial manifestation of skin lesions, the disease involves other systems. For example, lymphadenectasis occurs in 40-50% of patients, the bone marrow and peripheral blood are involved in 60-90% of patient...
The present study reports a case of extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, involving the skin. The clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics, treatment and prognosis of the case were analyzed to improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment for this disease. The patient was a 56-year-old male, presenting with dark red nodules and plaques that had been visible on the nose for half a year. Based on the skin lesions and histopathological and immunohistochemical examination results, the patient was diagnosed with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. This disease has unique histopathological and immunohistochemical features and a high malignancy. The condition tends to be misdiagnosed and has a poor prognosis, but seldom involves the skin. In the present case, only radiotherapy was performed, with no relapse occurring within 6 months.
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