Six kinds of Mo-basing nanomaterials (MoO 3 , MoO 3 @Ru, Mo-PDA, MoP C , MoP, CNT@MoS 2 ) were successfully synthesized, which were employed as carriers to immobilize phospholipase A 1 (PLA1) for the hydrolysis of phospholipids (PLs).PLA1 was immobilized by a simple adsorption-precipitation-cross-linking to form an "enzyme net" covering on nanoparticles. The greatest advantage of these nanoparticles was their strong hydrophilic surface. It not only permitted their dispersion in the aqueous phase, but also showed the strong affinity for PLs in the organic phase, because amphiphilic PLs had the polar head group and higher hydrophilicity than other oils components. Michaelis-Menten analysis revealed that higher catalytic activity and enzymeÀsubstrate affinity were observed in several immobilized PLA1 than its free form. MoO 3 was confirmed to be the best candidate for carrier. The highest specific activity of MoO 3 -immobilized PLA1 reached 43.1 U/mg, which was about 1.8 times higher than that of free PLA1 (24.4 U/mg). In addition, the stability and recycling were also enhanced. The robust immobilized PLA1 was prepared in this work, showing great potential for the enzymatic degumming.

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The transesterification of lecithin with methanol catalyzed by sodium carbonate supported MoS2 was investigated for the preparation of biodiesel.