Background and objectives: The successful execution of dual task situations depends on many factors and is affected by physiological degenerative processes. The completion of a secondary task while walking can be considered as key contributor for falls in the elderly. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of dual task performance on gait parameters, fear of fall among different age groups of elderly.Methods: Sixty elderly subjects with independent gait were evaluated while doing simple walking and dual task walking with cognitive, motor and cognitive motor gait demand in the study. The gait parameters namely time, speed and cadence were assessed using 10 meter walk test. Followed by every task, fear of fall was assessed using visual analog scale-fear of fall.Results: All the groups showed statistically significant difference in the gait parameters with addition of dual tasks. There was statistically significant difference among groups for number of step, time, speed and fear of fall (p value <0.01) for both simple and dual task. The mean dual task cost was highest in the dual task with cognitivemotor demand (49.35 ±0.418). Conclusion:The findings of the present study suggest that under dual task demand, elderly population shows greater variability of gait and increase in fear of fall. The deficits in dual task walking increases proportionally with age.

Introduction: Gestational trophoblastic diseases, because of their diverse presentation and the malignant lesions being associated with recurrence, metastasis, and mortality, early diagnosis is important with the help of ultrasonogram preoperatively, serial Beta human chorionic gonadotropin, and histopathological examination for prompt treatment and timely management of the patients. The study aimed to identify the overall prevalence and relative frequencies of Gestational trophoblastic diseases and to assess the association of different gestational trophoblastic diseases with maternal age, parity, and gestational age.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted for five years from January 2016 to December 2020 in the Department of Pathology, and Department of gynecology and obstetrics of Dhulikhel Hospital, Kavre Nepal. This study included a spectrum of gestational trophoblastic diseases. All the details were obtained from the patient’s record file and register book. Results: Out of 65 cases, the most common was Hydatidiform mole with 59 (90.78%) cases. Bleeding per vagina was the most common clinical presentation. The most commonly affected age group was 21-25 years. Most of the gestational trophoblastic diseases were detected in the first trimester and primigravida.Conclusions: Any pregnant woman presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding should be evaluated for the presence of underlying Gestational trophoblastic disease. Beta-hCG is a sensitive marker, however, histopathology remains a gold standard modality for the detection of gestational trophoblastic diseases. The judicious use of ultrasonograms and appropriate clinicopathological approach helps the clinician to decide the treatment modalities, especially between evacuation and hysterectomy.

Introduction: Soft tissue tumors (STTs) are a diverse group of neoplasms. It varies from the most common benign tumors to some self-limited lesions and rare malignant soft tissue tumors. Because of the overlap in their clinical and radiological characteristics, histopathology is crucial in determining their diagnosis. Objectives: To study the relative frequencies of types of soft tissue tumors (benign, intermediate and malignant) as well as their histological pattern in relation to age, gender and site of distribution. Methodology: This was a retrospective study conducted over a period of three years from January 2018 to December 2020 in the Department of Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kavre Nepal. This study included STTs of all the anatomical sites excluding STTs of the female reproductive system. The tumors were classified as benign, intermediate, or malignant using the WHO 2013 classification of soft tissue and bone tumors. The sarcomas were further graded into grades 1, 2, and 3 using the FNCLCC (French Federation Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer) grading system. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and special staining procedures were also performed as and when required.  Result: A total of 198 STTs were studied, of which benign cases were 191 (96.45%), intermediate 03 (1.52%) and malignant 04 (2.03%) in number. The most common type of STTs was vascular tumors 77(38.89%) followed by adipocytic tumors 52(26.26%) and nerve sheath tumors 13(6.56%). STTs were most common in the third decade of life, with the head and neck region       being the commonest site.  All four malignant tumors were categorized using the FNCLCC grading system. There were three cases of Grade 2 sarcoma and one case of Grade 3 sarcoma. Conclusion: The most common benign tumors were vascular tumors followed by adipocytic tumors and nerve sheath tumors. STTs were most common in the third decade of life. Benign tumors were more common than malignant tumors.  In comparison to malignant tumors, benign tumors were found at a younger age group. STTs were found mainly in the head and neck region followed by upper and lower limbs. Despite the fact that molecular diagnostics is gaining popularity in the field of soft tissue tumors, histopathology still remains the gold standard.