Primary endometrial squamous cell carcinoma is an extremely rare tumor with unclear pathogenesis. We report a case of 55-year-old postmenopausal woman who presented with abdominal distention and bloodstained vaginal discharge for 9 months. Clinically, chronic pyometra was considered. Total abdominal hysterectomy with a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed and histopathological examination revealed a diagnosis of primary endometrial invasive squamous cell carcinoma with associated complete squamous cell metaplasia of glandular endometrium and coexisting multifocal squamous cell dysplasia, without involvement of the uterine cervix. The tumoral cells showed to be p16 negative and strongly p53 positive.

Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMF) is an uncommon soft tissue tumor which occurs principally but not exclusively in the vulvovaginal region of women in their reproductive years. Rarely, in males, the tumor may occur in the scrotum or par testicular tissues with the age ranging from 40 to 80 years. AMF has a diverse histologic and immune histochemical profile. It is a circumscribed edematous slow-growing mesenchymal tumor. Our case report presents a 25-year-old female with a cystic lesion over the labia minor, which was clinically mistaken to be a Bartholin's cyst. In general, AMF is benign, with no local recurrence or metastasis. Hence, wide surgical excision is the sufficient treatment modality. We have also discussed the possible differential diagnosis and their differentiating features on the basis of histology and immune histochemistry.

AML with myelodysplasia related changes is an uncommon type of acute myeloid leukemia. It comprises less than 5% of acute leukemias. According to the recent World Health Organization (WHO-2016) classification, AML cases with ≥ 50% or more erythroid cells and ≥ 20% total myeloblasts should be diagnosed as AML with myelodysplasia-related changes. Morphologic cellular features help to establish the diagnosis. We present a rare case of AML with myelodysplasia related changes in a 35-year-old female who presented with low-grade fever, mild epistaxis, and shortness of breath and diffuse sternal tenderness. The peripheral smear showed features of pancytopenia with 6% blasts along with evidence of hemolysis. Bone marrow examination revealed erythroid hyperplasia with 65% erythroblasts and 24% myeloblasts. Flow cytometry was used for the confirmation of the diagnosis. The patient was administered chemotherapy with Azacitidine 75 mg/m 2 /day × 7 days in IV infusion along with 2 units of red cell concentrate prophylactically to prevent anemia. Molecular studies are needed to understand better the pathogenesis of AML with myelodysplasiarelated changes and to develop newer diagnostic and prognostic markers.

The most common epithelial tumor affecting the cecal appendix is mucinous neoplasm. Malignant mucinous neoplasms of the appendix are rare entities, often asymptomatic. Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasms (LAMN) are most often clinically silent. One of the rare causes of acute abdomen is appendiceal mucinous neoplasm, representing only 0.2-0.7% of all appendectomy specimens. These tumors are discovered incidentally either during a survey or at the time of surgery for other causes. Mucinous neoplasms of the appendix carry a complex diverse group of neoplasms ranging from simple mucoceles to complex pseudomyxoma peritonei. We present a rare case report of a 27 year old female, who was admitted to the surgical emergency with severe pain and tenderness in the right abdomen for 3 days. Emergency laparotomy with appendectomy was performed and based on the histopathological findings; a diagnosis of low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) was given. Our patient has recovered completely postoperatively and is well after 6 months of follow up period.

Small-round-blue-cell tumor (SRBCT) or a small-round-cell tumor (SRCT) is a group of malignant neoplasms which are seen more often in children (0-20 years-old) than in adults. They generally include Ewing's sarcoma, peripheral neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, and nephroblastoma or Wilms' tumor as differential diagnoses of small round cell tumors. They have a characteristic appearance consisting of small round cells that stain blue on Hematoxylin and Eosin stained sections. They typically represent undifferentiated cells which are composed of primitive cells with minimal or no differentiation. Accurate diagnosis of these cancers is essential because the treatment options, responses to therapy and prognoses vary widely depending on the diagnosis. A multimodal approach is employed with fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) as an important modality of diagnosis for these tumors. We will discuss ocular retinoblastoma and neuroblastoma in our case series which were diagnosed on fine needle aspiration itself and were later confirmed on histopathological examination. This study was also undertaken to determine the utility and safety of intraocular FNAC as a supportive diagnostic tool where clinical features and imaging were found to be inconclusive.