Objectives:The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 3 methods (Buzzy, ShotBlocker, and DistrACTION Cards) in reducing pain and anxiety while taking venous blood samples in children. Methods: The study population consisted of children aged 9 to 12 years admitted to the Child Health and Diseases Department in a Faculty of Medicine in Turkey. The sample of the study consisted of 242 children (Buzzy = 60, ShotBlocker = 61, DistrACTION Cards = 60, control = 61) who met the patient selection criteria and agreed to participate in the study. The data were obtained using an Information Form, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, visual analog scale, and the Faces Pain Scale-Revised.Design: This article is an experimental randomized controlled study. Results: During venous blood collection, the scores of visual analog scale were significantly lower in ShotBlocker, Buzzy, and DistrACTION Cards groups than the control group. It was also observed that the control group experienced more anxiety than the other groups.Conclusions: Methods such as Buzzy, ShotBlocker, and DistrACTION Cards can be used to reduce the anxiety and pain of children during painful procedures such as blood collection and vascular access. Among these methods, "Buzzy" and "DistrACTION Cards" can be preferred as it is equally effective, and then ShotBlocker can be preferred.

SUMMARYObjectivesThis study was done to evaluate mothers’ level of knowledge regarding poisoning, to plan training for issues with an identified lack of knowledge, to collect required data regarding protection and approach issues on poisoning cases which may occur in children for various reasons.MethodsThis descriptive study was performed after obtaining permission from the County Health Department and involved mothers who applied to Family Health Centers No. 1-7 between April 1st and May 31st 2012, and who agreed to participate in the study (n=290). The questionnaire was composed of three parts: “Personal Information Form,” “House Poisoning Evaluation Form” and “Home Poisoning Prevention Knowledge Level Form.”ResultsParticipant ages were between 16 and 50 years and the mean age was 33.09±7.10 years. The number of children ranged from 1 to 6, and 203 people had seven children under the age of six. 37.6% of the mothers were primary school graduates, while 74.5% were housewives. There was a significant relationship between the knowledge score of the mothers on poisoning and education, career, neighborhood, and social security (p<0.05).ConclusionsChildhood poisoning is the most common cause of admission to the hospital. Protective precautions such as family education, storage of medication out of reach of children and use of secure lids are thought to be important.

Kültür; bir grup insan tarafından öğrenilen, paylaşılan, nesilden nesile aktarılan değerler, inançlar, tutum ve davranışlar, örf ve adetler olarak tanımlanmaktadır. İnsanların sağlıkla ilgili inanç ve uygulamaları, içinde yaşadığı toplumun kültürünün bir parçasını oluşturmaktadır. Geleneksel uygulamalar adı altında yapılan bu uygulamalar günümüzde farklı bölgelerde ve farklı kültürlerde hala kullanılmaya devam etmektedir. Gebelik, doğum ve lohusalık süreçlerindeki tıbbi uygulamaları kapsayan anne-çocuk sağlığı hizmetleri, geleneksel uygulamalar açısından ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. Bilindiği gibi, anne-bebek ölümlerini biyolojik faktörler ve sağlık hizmetleri doğrudan etkilerken; gelenekler, aile geliri, ekolojik ortam, sosyo-ekonomik ve fiziksel ortamlar ise dolaylı etkilemektedir. Aynı zamanda annelerin anne-bebek bakımına ilişkin bilgi yetersizliği veya öğrendiği yanlış geleneksel bilgi ve uygulamalar, hastalanmalarına, anne ve bebeğin iyileşme sürecinin uzamasına, sakatlanmalarına ve hatta ölümlerine neden olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle annelerin anne-bebek bakımı uygulamalarının ve bu uygulamaları etkileyen faktörlerin bilinmesi önem taşımaktadır. Hemşireler, toplumlar tarafından kullanılan bu geleneksel inanç ve uygulamaların bilinmesi, bunlardan zarar görenlerin ortaya çıkarılması ve yok edilmeye çalışılması, sürdürülmesinde sakınca olmayanların ise korunması ve kültürel özellikler ile geleneklere bir anlamda sahip çıkılmasında aktif olarak rol almalıdırlar. Culture is defined as values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors and manners and customs learned, shared and transferred by a group of people from one generation to another. People's beliefs and practices concerning health constitute a part of the society's culture where they live. Today, these practices, called as traditional practices, still continue to be used in different regions and cultures. Prenatal care services including medical practices during pregnancy, birth and puerperial periods are also important in terms of traditional practices. As known; while biological factors and health services directly affect mother and baby mortality; traditions, family income, ecological environment, socioeconomic and physical settings indirectly affect mother and baby mortality. At the same time; mothers' lack of knowledge about mother and baby care or their incorrect traditional knowledge and practices may cause them to be sick, may prolong recovery period and even may result in morbidity and mortality. Therefore; it is important to know mothers' mother and baby care practices and the factors that affect these practices. Nurses Ya zış ma Ad re si/Ad dress for Cor res pon den ce:

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the behaviours of students studying dialysis and health personnel working at dialysis centers and the influencing factors.Methods: Students studying dialysis department at Turgut Özal University (n=70) and healthcare personnel working at eight Dialysis Centers located in the center of Ankara (n=83) were recruited. Data was collected from personal information forms and Healthy Life Style Behaviours (HLSB)-II scale. Data were analysed Student's t test, Man Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis Test and Pearson correlation analysis; p<0.05 or p<0.01 were considered statistically significant. Findings:The majority (n=52; 74.3%) of the students participating the research were female, with an average age of 22.09±2.17 years and 55.7% (n=39) were in 2nd year. Similarly, the majority of the healthcare personnel were female (n=73; 88%) with an average of age of 35.37±8.29 years and 30.1% had a Bachelor's degree. Total HLSB II point of the students' was 128.06±22.00 and health responsibility, one of scale sub-scores, was significantly higher in female than male students (p<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference between smoking, age and scale sub-dimensions (p>0.05). Total HLSB II point of the healthcare personnel was 115.61±14.26, and physical activity, one of scale sub-scores, was significantly lower in females compared to males (p<0.01). Conclusion:It was determined that total HLSB II point of the students is medium and significantly higher compared with healthcare personnel. Continuing education for protecting and improving health should be provided for healthcare personnel.SUPPLEMENT

SummaryObjectives: Study was undertaken in order to determine knowledge and behaviors of the teachers teaching at 4 primary schools in Akşehir about epilepsy and to suggest practicable recommendations in line with the results obtained. Methods: It was a descriptive study and in the study, all of the teachers were tried to be reached between the 1 st of October and the 30 th of November 2010. The questionnaire form was designed according to the literature information. Results: It was found out that mean age of the teachers was 38.4 (24-56), 53.2% of them were male. It was seen that 65.4% of the teachers had a teaching career of ≥13 years. It was detected that 17.7% met epilepsy once, 7.3% intervened for epilepsy once and 4% had students with epilepsy. 47.6% of the teachers were of the opinion that epilepsy was not a genetic-disease, 43.5% thought that epilepsy lasted life long and 45.2% said that jaws of the epilepsy patient should be opened during epileptic seizures. Conclusion: It was seen that teachers generally lacked knowledge about epilepsy, school-age children with epilepsy and actions to be done during epileptic seizures. In this sense,a multidisciplinary approach is needed in order to improve the relation between the parents of the epileptic children and the school and to increase knowledge level of the parents, teachers and the society about epilepsy.Key words: Knowledge level; epilepsy; school-age children; teacher. ÖzetAmaç: Çalışma, Akşehir ilçesindeki dört ilköğretim okulunda bulunan öğretmenlerin epilepsiye ilişkin bilgilerini ve davranışlarını saptamak, elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda uygulanabilir öneriler geliştirebilmek amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem:Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışmada,1 Ekim-30 Kasım 2010 tarihleri arasında öğretmenlerin tamamına ulaşılmaya çalışıldı. Anket formu literatür bilgilerine dayanılarak oluşturuldu. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda öğretmenlerin yaş ortalaması 38.4 (dağılım, 24-56) olduğu, %53.2 'sinin erkek olduğu saptadı. %65.4'ünün 13 yıl ve daha uzun süre görev yaptığı belirlendi. Öğretmenlerin %17.7'sinin epilepsiyle bir kez karşılaştığı, %7.3'ünün bir kez müdehalede bulunduğu ve %4'ünün epilepsili bir öğrencisinin olduğu saptandı. Öğretmenlerin %47.6'sı epilepsinin kalıtsal bir hastalık olmadığını, %43.5'i epilepsinin ömür boyu sürdüğünü ve %45.2'si epilepsi nöbeti esnasında kilitlenmiş çenenin açılması gerektiğini söyledi.Sonuç: Araştırmada genel olarak öğretmenlerin epilepsi, epilepsili okul çocuğu ve nöbet esnasında yapılacak uygulamalar konusunda bilgi eksiklikleri olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda, epilepsili çocuğun ebeveyn ile okul ilişkisinin düzenlenmesi, ebeveyn, öğretmen ve toplumun bu konudaki bilgilerinin artırılması için multidisipliner bir yaklaşımın gerekliliği önerilebilir.Anahtar sözcükler: Bilgi düzeyi; epilepsi; okul çocuğu; öğretmen.