The present study was carried out to determine the population of House Sparrow in three different habitats of the tarai arc in Kumaun region, Uttarakhand for a period of one year. The monthly field visits were carried out from August 2018 to July 2019 at different locations of three habitats viz. agricultural area, urban area and forest area. The findings of the present survey revealed that the agricultural areas enjoy highest number of individuals and relative abundance (525, 56.21%) followed by urban area (316, 33.83%) and least in forest area (93, 9.95%), respectively. In terms of seasonal variations, the maximum individuals were observed during winter season (November to February, 63%) followed by summer season (March to June, 29%) and lowest in rainy season (July to October, 8%). The study also indicated a significant difference between the numbers of House Sparrow observed among the three different habitats. While comparing the number of House Sparrow during the investigation in three habitats it was observed that number of species were less in forest habitat whereas the highest numbers were recorded in and around agricultural areas which could be due to availability of reasonable nesting sites in traditional dwellings of farmers and availability of food.

Insecticides are extensively used in agriculture to foil the crop yield losses. Due to long persistence in the environment insecticides cause undesirable effects on human health and environment. Most of the people especially farmers are the vulnerable section of population exposed to insecticides in different ways and degrees. This review briefs insecticide toxicity of the banned insecticides, their consumption and accidental exposure including the status and production in India. Since pesticides and their metabolites are harmful to the atmosphere causing human health hazards in terms of toxicity, it is essential to examine pesticide contamination and the health effects of pesticides on exposed health workers and other non-target organisms. Pesticide risk assessment on non-target organisms can be analyzed by using different test methods to determine the toxicity grade.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the status of anemia and haemoglobinopathies in Kumaun Region, India. An extensive survey was conducted to collect the data from various sources like government hospitals, Primary Health Centre's, Certified Pathology labs and the medical registry maintained by related Government Departments. During the investigation, the maximum number of Anemia, thalassemia trait, SCβT, SCT, Sickle cell anemia (SCA)/Sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemia major cases were recorded from the district Udham Singh Nagar followed by Nainital and minimum cases were reported from two mountain districts Bageshwar and Champawat.