The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition and micrographic characteristics of the plants consumed by Okapia johnstoni. The results indicate that each plant species has characteristic microscopic elements for its identification. These plants are rich in phenolic acids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, coumarins, terpenoids and iridoids. Alchornea cordifolia is richer in total polyphenols (198.53±3.39 mg GAE/g DM) followed respectively by Musanga cercopioides (91.87±6.71 mg GAE/g DM), Macaranga spinosa (59.65±6.54 mg GAE/g DM), Ficus vallischoudae (46.37±2.43 mg GAE/g DM), Cola acuminata (38.83±4.04 mg GAE/g DM), Pycnanthus angolensis (31.96±3.45 mg GAE/g DM), Alstonia boonei (31.55±1.60 mg GAE/g DM) and Trilepisium madagascariensis (25.18±0.99 mg GAE/g DM). As for flavonoids, the highest content is obtained in T. madagascariensis followed respectively by A. boonei, Pycnanthus angolensis, Cola acuminata, M. spinosa, F. vallis-choudae, M. cercopioides and A. cordifolia. The difference in the content of secondary metabolites is justified by the fact that their expression in the plant is a function of both abiotic and biotic factors and the specificity of each plant species linked to its genetic make-up. The characterization of these chemical compounds is necessary for the formulation of herbal medicines for the management of Okapi ex situ or for human health. Also, the microscopic profiles of the leaves powder of the studied plant species provide relevant information, which may be helpful for the plant authentication and for quality control of raw material.

Medicinal plant is an important element of indigenous medical systems all over the world. The ethno botany provides a rich resource for natural drug research and development. Carica papaya is used in Traditional Medicine since a long time. Our investigations started by a search of relevant literature on the plant species. Databases such as Science direct, PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus were used successively to retrieve the articles on C. papaya. The chemical structures of isolates compounds from this plant were drawn using ChemBioDraw Ultra 12.0 software package. Finally, bibliographical references were made using bibliographical software "Mendeley". Results show that the plant C. papaya contains various secondary metabolites, minerals and vitamins. The plant species is reported to possess various pharmacological properties like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, larvicidal effects, etc. These pharmacological activities could due to the presence of various phytochemicals present in this plant species. The present review can therefore help inform future scientific research towards the development of novel drugs of relevance from C. papaya to combat various ailments including Sickle cell disease.

Medicinal plants are suppliers of molecules used in both modern and traditional therapy. One of these plants is Azadirachta Indica (also known as the neem tree).Originally from Asia (India), this plant is currently widespread and cultivated in several countries in the world, including in Africa, because of its extraordinary therapeutic properties. A survey carried out on the Internet revealed that A. indica contains various secondary metabolites such as: Azadirone, Nimocimol, Azadiradione, Epoxyazadiradione, nimbinin, salannin, nimbanal, salannol acetate, nimbandiol, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, steroids, gedunin, nimbinene, nimbolide, mahmoodin, margolonone, isomargolonone, azadirachtin, epicatechin, catechin, phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, anthraquinone, anthocyanins. The main structures of these different molecules were drawn using the ChemBioDraw Ultra 12.0 software package. As a result, it has been demonstrated that these compounds confer several pharmacological properties on the neem tree, including anticancer, antifungal, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiviral, antiplasmodial, and anthelmintic activities. Because of its high anthocyanin content, A. indica could be an interesting candidate for the development of an anti-sickle cell drug.

Aims: Promote Annona muricata (Graviola) and provide information on its phytochemistry and bioactivity. Study Design: Multidisciplinary advanced bibliographic surveys, utilization of ChemBioDraw software package, and dissemination of the resulted knowledge. Place and Duration of Study: UR73, Development in Pedagogy and Health, Interdisciplinary Research Center of the National Pedagogical University, National Pedagogical University, Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, between June 2021 and July 2022. Methodology: A bibliographic review was carried out to acquire information on the pharmacognosy and phytochemistry of A. muricata from various electronic databases (PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct and Google Scholar). The terms phytochemistry, pharmacognosy and the scientific name of this plant species were used as keywords for the search. The ChemBioDraw Ultra 15.0 software package was used to draw the chemical structures of natural compounds of A. muricata. Results: From the results obtained, it should be noted that A. muricata is traditionally used as an analgesic or stimulant. Various studies inform that this plant has various pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, antihelminthic, cytotoxic, antipyretic, analgesic, healing and anti-sickling effects. Many natural phytochemicals like tannins, alkaloids, phenols, glycosides, flavonoids and steroids are responsible for its properties. Conclusion: This review therefore helps to inform future research on the design and development of new relevant drugs from A. muricata to improve human health and well-being. Especially drug candidates for the treatment of cancer and tuberculosis.