BackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by an altered skin microbiome dominantly colonized by S. aureus. Standard treatment includes emollients, anti-inflammatory medications and antiseptics.ObjectivesTo characterize changes in the skin microbiome during treatment for AD.MethodsThe skin microbiomes of children with moderate-to-severe AD and healthy children were investigated in a longitudinal prospective study. Patients with AD were randomized to receive either standard treatment with emollients and topical corticosteroids or standard treatment with the addition of dilute bleach baths (DBB) and sampled at four visits over a three-month period. At each visit, severity of AD was measured, swabs were taken from four body sites and the composition of the microbiome at those sites was assessed using 16S rRNA amplification.ResultsWe included 14 healthy controls and 28 patients. We found high relative abundances of S. aureus in patients, which correlated with AD severity and reduced apparent alpha diversity. As disease severity improved with treatment, the abundance of S. aureus decreased, gradually becoming more similar to the microbiomes of healthy controls. After treatment, patients who received DBB had a significantly lower abundance of S. aureus than those who received only standard treatment.ConclusionsThere are clear differences in the skin microbiome of healthy controls and AD patients that diminish with treatment. After three months, the addition of DBB to standard treatment had significantly decreased the S. aureus burden, supporting its use as a therapeutic option. Further study in double-blinded trials is needed.
Las anomalías vasculares son un grupo heterogéneo de alteraciones en los vasos sanguíneos y linfáticos. La International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) las clasifica en: tumores y malformaciones vasculares. En este artículo (primera parte de dos) se revisan los principales tumores vasculares en pacientes pediátricos, su fisiopatogenia, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Nos enfocaremos en el hemangioma infantil, hemangiomas congénitos, granuloma piógeno, angioma en penacho y hemangioendotelioma kaposiforme.El hemangioma infantil es el tumor vascular más frecuente, aparece en las primeras 4 semanas de vida y crece con rapidez, para posteriormente involucionar en la etapa preescolar. Se manifiesta como una neoformación vascular, de coloración eritematoviolácea, de tamaño variable. Los hemangiomas congénitos son más raros, están completamente desarrollados al nacimiento porque su crecimiento es intrauterino. El granuloma piógeno es el tumor vascular más frecuente, después del hemangioma infantil, y se manifiesta como una neoformación de color rojo-violáceo, exofítica; es de crecimiento rápido y sangra fácilmente. El angioma en penacho y el hemangioendotelioma kaposiforme, que algunos autores consideran espectros de una misma enfermedad, son tumores vasculares poco frecuentes que suelen aparecer en los primeros meses de vida y que se asocian con complicaciones hematológicas: fenómeno de Kasabach-Merritt, que puede poner en riesgo la vida del paciente.La clasificación adecuada de los tumores vasculares es indispensable para la correcta comunicación entre las especialidades implicadas, con el fin de establecer el diagnóstico correcto y planificar el tratamiento.
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