Objective: The present study investigated the relationship between serum leptin concentrations and resting metabolic rate (RMR) in a large study group of elderly individuals with special consideration of body composition and body fat distribution as possible confounders. Design and methods: The subjects were 122 women (age: 69 Ϯ 6 years, body mass index (BMI): 26.3 Ϯ 3.6 kg/m 2 ) and 82 men (age: 69 Ϯ 5 years, BMI: 26.0 Ϯ 2.6 kg/m 2 ). RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry and body composition by the bioelectrical impedance method. Serum leptin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay.Results: There was a strong correlation between fat mass (FM) and serum leptin levels in both sexes. An age-related decline in leptin levels adjusted for FM was observed only in the women. After adjustment of RMR for both fat-free mass (FFM) and FM, leptin levels were not associated with RMR. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, FFM was the main predictor of RMR, explaining 35.8% and 47.6% of the variance of RMR in men and women respectively. FM did not explain variance in RMR in men, but accounted for 2.6% of the variance in RMR in women. Waist-hip-ratio and age influenced RMR only in males, explaining 5.7% and 4.0% of the variance in RMR respectively. Conclusion: Leptin is not a significant predictor of RMR in the elderly, but body composition and distribution of body fat are significantly associated with RMR.

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