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Introduction: Ureteric stone disease is common all over the world. Because of advancements in endourology and instruments- urologists manage ureteral stone effectively by ureteroscopy and lithotripsy using various energy sources. Commonly, lower ureteric stones are managed by ureteroscopy and intracorporeal pneumatic lithotripsy (URS and ICPL). After completing the procedure surgeons prefer to install double J (DJ) stent for a variable period within the ureter to overcome ureteral edema. There is no guideline for the optimal duration of keeping DJ stent in ureteral lumen. Urologists decide the duration of DJ stent according to their clinical experience & judgment- that makes a wide variation of stent period. Keeping the double J (DJ) stent for a longer duration may produce harmful effects, those even may be life-threatening. Objective: To observe the effect of time duration on bacterial colonization in DJ stent after URS and ICPL. Material and method: This experimental study was conducted in the Department of Urology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), for 1-year duration. The total sample size was 82. Samples were allocated into two groups. In group A: Double J stent was kept in situ for d” 4 weeks, whereas in Group B: stent duration was > 4 (up to 8) weeks. In this study, purposive sampling technique was implemented. Unilateral ureteral stone managed by URS, ICPL were included in the study. Patients having bilateral stones, co-morbidities like diabetes mellitus (DM), malignancy, immunosuppression, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and who had per operative ureteral injury were excluded. After removal of the DJ stent, 2-3 cm bladder-end tip was sent for culture and sensitivity. Reports were collected and documented. Result: Out of 82 cases, 40 were in group A and 42 in group B. 62 patients were male, 20 were female. DJ stent culture was positive in 14 cases (17%), whereas urine culture was positive in 7cases (8.5%). Among those- both stent and urine were positive in 4 cases (4.8%). Stent positive but urine negative in 10 cases (71%). In positive cases, stent and urine were colonized by a similar organism. E. coli was the commonest causative organism. Stent culture was positive in 4 cases (28.6%) in group A, 10 cases (71.4%) in group B but it was statically insignificant (p-value 0.09). Conclusion: Bacterial colonization in DJ stent increases with longer indwelling time. Individually stent or urine culture can not detect all pathogens in the urinary tract. So urine culture, as well as stent culture, is required to detect the uropathogen. The final recommendation is that-removal of DJ stent as early as possible is the key to prevent bacterial colonization. Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(2): 188-192

Background: Nephron-sparing surgery is an accepted treatment modality for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in certain situations. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare perioperative outcomes after laparoscopic and open partial nephrectomy for patients with a solitary renal tumors of 7cm or less in different institutes in Dhaka. Methodology: Between June 2013 and October 2020, 23 patients had undergone LPN and 24 patients had undergone OPN for the treatment of solitary renal tumors of 7cm or less in different institutes in Dhaka. Large renal mass (>7cm), multiple tumor and patients with complex renal anatomy were excluded from this study. Patients having previous abdominal surgery were excluded from LPN and all LPN were performed transperitoneally. Results: Although the mean operative time was longer in the LPN than in the OPN group (134.4±35.36 (45-180) minutes versus 110.56±35.36 (60-165) minutes; P<0.001), the blood loss was comparable between the two groups (130 mL versus 180 mL; P value is not statistically significant). No blood transfusions were performed in either group. The hospital stay was significantly reduced after LPN compared with after OPN (2.8 days (2-6) versus 6.7 days (5-8); P <0.0002). 2 patients in LPN and 1 patient in OPN had positive surgical margins. Conclusion: This study has revealed that LPN is a feasible and safe alternative to the OPN with better surgical outcomes and similar oncological outcomes. Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, January 2021;8(1):70-74

Introduction: Benign enlargement of prostate (BEP) is one of the common problem in elderly male. Most of the patients present with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) which consist of voiding symptoms and storage symptoms. Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) is the gold standard treatment option for BEP. TURP improves both obstructive and storage symptoms in majority of cases. But sometimes storage symptoms persist after TURP. This study was done to predict the factors for persistence of storage symptoms after TURP by evaluating clinical and urodynamic variables. Objective: To predict the factors for persistence of storage symptoms after transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) by evaluating clinical and urodynamic variables. Materials and Method: This was a prospective analytic study done in the department of Urology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib medical university (BSMMU), Shabagh, Dhaka. In this study, total 60 patients of BEP with the indication of TURP were enrolled. Preoperative data includes Age of the patient, International prostate symptoms score(IPSS), IPSS storage sub score, Qmax, QoL scores, Maximum cystometric capacity(MCC), Post void residue(PVR), PdetQmax, Bladder contractility index (BCI) and postoperative data includes post-operative IPSS storage sub score, Qmax were recorded and analyzed. Result: Among preoperative variables, Age (>65y) and IPSS storage sub score has highest predictive value. Bladder contractility index (BCI) and MCC have significant predictive value. Qmax and PVR have also predictive value. Conclusion: This study result shows elderly patient of higher age group, preoperative high IPSS storage sub score, smaller MCC & high BCI have chance of persistence of storage symptoms. Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(2): 135-140

Background: Arsenic is a heavy metal and it is considered carcinogenic to humans. In Bangladesh, most of the people consume arsenic polluted water above the nationally accepted level. Several studies have demonstrated that the ingestion of arsenic in drinking water is a strong risk factor for several malignancies including urothelial carcinoma. Clinicopathological features of bladder cancer are related to the amount of arsenic exposure and duration of arsenic exposure into the urinary tract and other risk factors. Aim of the study was to see the relationship between grades of bladder cancers with the level of arsenic in drinking water. Objective: To see the relationship between the grades of bladder cancer with the level of arsenic in drinking water. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study done in the department of urology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka. In this study, a total of 72 histopathologically proven urothelial bladder carcinoma and history of at least 10 year underground water consumption patients were enrolled. Among them 12 patients were excluded from the study because no arsenic was found in sample underground drinking water. So, 60 patient was participants for this study. Sample of participant’s drinking water was collected by a selective non-reactive container. The level of arsenic level in microgram/Liter was measured by standard kit method and the level of arsenic was recorded. Results: Arsenic exposure 30 years or more was regardless of the amount of arsenic consumption in drinking water was found high-grade cancer. No significant statistical difference was found in the grading of carcinoma with the level of arsenic in drinking water. Conclusion: Arsenic exposure amount is not related to the grades of bladder cancer rather the duration of arsenic exposure in drinking water is related to the grades of bladder cancer. Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(2): 141-145