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The construction of ecological civilization is attracting more and more attention. Fuel consumption has greater research value as an important factor in the field of environmental protection and energy saving. Existing analysis about the influence factors of fuel consumption is mostly finished in the 1990s and the beginning of this century, with experiment vehicles and highway at that time, so they may not be suitable for the present. Direct measurement of fuel consumption is finished with actual transportation vehicles in highway and nature state of driving. Analysing the relationship between fuel consumption and speed, longitudinal slope and other main influence factors, put forward measures in highway design, driving speed and other parts to reduce fuel consumption. It is significant for realize energy conservation and environmental protection in traffic.

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Accurate measurement and modeling of fuel consumption have great significance in the evaluation and optimization for environmental protection, energy saving and economy of highway project. Vehicle, test method and fuel consumption prediction method are improved for accurate calculation of current fuel consumption. Natural drivings fuel consumption are measured with actual transportation vehicles on the highway. Long route is divided into many units, whose fuel consumption are added to estimate the total fuel consumption. Comparison between traditional models calculating value and measured value on flat road shows that traditional models are not suitable for calculating current fuel consumption. So traditional models coefficients are updated and new model forms are established through a large number of measured data. The new models are more accurate than traditional models.