Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the most investigated crystalline oxide in the surface science of metal oxides. Its physical and chemical properties are dominantly determined by its surface condition. Ti3+surface defect (TSD) is one of the most important surface defects in TiO2. According to publications by other groups and the studies carried out in our laboratory, the formation mechanism of TSD is proposed. The generation, properties, and photocatalytic application of TSD are overviewed; the recent exploration of TSD is summarized, analyzed, and evaluated as well in this paper.

A low-cost impregnation method was developed to prepare PtRu catalysts highly dispersed on carbon support. As clearly revealed by the HRTEM image, even with high metal loadings (up to 40 wt % Pt + 20 wt % Ru) the average particle diameter was 1.5 nm with a narrow distribution ((0.5 nm). Based on EDAX, XRD, XPS, and TGA/DTA analyses, the structure of the PtRu catalyst was deduced to be composed of PtRu alloy and amorphous ruthenium compounds, predominantly hydrous ruthenium oxide, RuO x H y . The PtRu catalyst thusprepared exhibited excellent performance for methanol oxidation.

Anodic treatment of PtRu/C catalysts in 0.5 M sulfuric acid at 1.3 V (vs RHE) for 0.5 h was found able to promote the activity for methanol oxidation by a few tenths to 5 times. This anodic activation effect was valid for samples domestically prepared under different conditions and that produced by Johnson-Matthey. On the basis of the changes of cyclic voltammetry during the anodic treatment, a model was proposed for the activation effect. According to the model, there are two categories of ruthenium oxides in the catalyst: one is electrochemically reversible and beneficial for catalytic activity, while the other is irreversible and harmful. During the anodic treatment, the harmful oxide is decreased, while the beneficial oxide either increased or changed only slightly, resulting in a beneficial net change.

The mechanism of corrosion inhibition of iron by acetylenic alcohols in acid solutions was established by relating the interfacial structure obtained from spectroscopic measurements with the corrosion reaction kinetics obtained from electrochemical measurements. A modified adsorption interaction model was found to be applicable for describing the hydrogen evolution reaction on an inhibitor‐covered iron electrode. For the iron dissolution reaction, a parallel dissolution model was found to be applicable. The parallel dissolution model was further justified by constructing the two‐dimensional potential energy diagrams for iron dissolution on a free Fe surface and an inhibitor‐covered surface with the use of Morse functions. A comprehensive analysis of the mechanism of corrosion inhibition in general is given. It is suggested that formation of a compact three‐dimensional protective layer on the electrode surface is key for effective inhibition of corrosion.

Lv et al.Ni-Based Catalysts CO 2 Methanation auxiliaries and dopants, the fabrication methods, reaction conditions, etc. Finally, the future development trend of the Ni based catalysts is also prospected, which will be helpful to the design and fabrication of the Ni catalysts with high efficiency toward CO 2 methanation process.