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In this review, it is discussed the prominent effect generated from aquaculture wastewater considered as the major water polluting crisis in the entire world. The cause rose due to intense development and improvement in aquaculture by the aquatic habitat species triggering quite a challenge in the environment. Scrutinizing this problem, researchers have found a way to tackle it by cultivating algal species in aquaculture wastewater in order to remove its high content of organic and inorganic pollutants. The theory proves wastewater serves as a nutrient source for algal growth and development such as phosphorous, nitrogen, and other trace elements. Besides harvesting the algal biomass from aquaculture wastewater, the extraction of lipid is also processed for biofuel production. Hence, the discussion includes conversion of wastewater into organic and inorganic pollutant-free water with low cost-effective method via algal cultivation in wastewater and high lipid yield for biofuel with a carbon-free and sustainable environment.

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Algae being the photosynthetic organism, currently considered as underexplored species for biofuel production in the entire global region and yet need to be explored more. In presence of algal based theory regarding the thermochemical process, though many researchers have been proceeding with the experiment but have got to stretch it further. This process aims to produce energy and bioactive compounds using algal biomass as a raw material. The current study relates with the thermochemical conversion process and mainly reflects about the algal biomass conversion into biorefinery production, in a short time with easier and economically viable points, unlike other biochemical and chemical conversion processes. In thermochemical process, high temperatures used during the process produces different biofuels including solid, liquid, gaseous biofuels. This thermal decomposition process of algal biomass can be categorized into Gasification, Pyrolysis, Direct combustion, Hydrothermal process, and Torrefaction. Hence, in this study, it briefs on different type of processes for better production of biofuel as well as its significant merit and demerit comparisons of each process.