The research paper contains key findings of the random monitoring survey of the Ukrainian students covering the period 2002-2017, in the course of which it was explored the attitude of young people to the problems of crime and the police's activities aimed at counteracting it in the city (Kyiv). The analysis of the survey findings allowed to identify the level of students' fear to become victims of certain types of crime, a degree of their victimization in general and their fear to suffer from particular crimes, their assessments of the character of crime dynamics in the city and the police's activities, to learn the opinions on the situation with personal security at a given time and in future. Among the trends identified in the course of the research are a high level of the respondents' fear to become a victim of violent and most spread minor offences; high level of their victimization that distinctly decreased in recent years; prevailing negative assessments of the crime dynamics, assessment of the police's activities and trust to it as unsatisfactory irrespective of the improvements in these indicators in the recent three years, prevailing negative assessment of the situation with personal security and positive expectations in relation to the changes in future.
The article examines the problem of the dialectic nature of the language system. The analysis of a number of works on the philosophy of language has shaped research logic of authors, which guided the definition of the concepts of “natural language” and “artificial language”. It is shown that the “natural – artificial” dichotomy in a language system is revealed through the prism of a number of paired constructs: “natural – social”, “oral – written”; “folk – literary”; “informal – etiquette-formal”; “objective – subjective”; “autochthonous – borrowed”; “traditional – innovative”. The different genesis of the natural and artificial languages proves that the artificial languages are aimed at the intended result, while the natural can be considered as a side effect of communicative-linguistic activity, which is not provided by its purposes.
Este artículo presenta un análisis teórico de los problemas de aplicación de tecnologías de acondicionamiento físico en la educación física de los estudiantes. El estudio analizó las fuentes de los problemas, sus factores y características de transformación. Este trabajo determinó los conceptos básicos, sus características comunes y las diferencias entre ellos. Resumimos enfoques para comprender los conceptos de aptitud física, aptitud sanitaria y tecnología de aptitud física. Un análisis realizado de estos conceptos nos permitió resolver los problemas de aplicación de tecnologías de acondicionamiento físico presentes en el proceso de educación física de los estudiantes.
У статті розкриваються сучасні проблеми функціонування місцевої публічної влади в Україні, визначаються законодавчі прогалини у взаємовідносинах місцевих державних адміністрацій та органів місцевого самоврядування. Наводяться аргументи щодо реформування місцевої публічної влади на основі використання міжнародного та зарубіжного досвіду, пропонуються зміни до законодавства, спрямовані на оптимізацію взаємодії органів державної виконавчої влади та органів місцевого самоврядування в Україні.
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