Exercise training improved FMD and exercise capacity in stable CAD patients independent of the changes in inflammation, oxidative stress, or endothelial progenitor cells. The beneficial effects of exercise training on FMD and exercise capacity are inter-related, and more pronounced in those with baseline impaired exercise capacity.

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Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been increasingly used in routine clinical laboratories during the last two decades. The high specificity, sensitivity, and multi-analyte potential make it an ideal alternative to immunoassays or conventional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It also provides higher throughput than gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). LC-MS/MS also offers higher flexibility than immunoassays because LC-MS/MS assays are typically developed in-house. In addition, abundant information can be obtained from a single LC-MS/MS run which can produce a large amount of quantitative or qualitative data. In this review, typical LC-MS/MS clinical applications are presented, personal experiences are shared, and strengths and weakness are discussed. It is foreseeable that LC-MS/MS will become a key instrument in routine clinical laboratories.