Background & Aim: Information literacy is a concept emerged through the rapid transformation of information technologies, which is essential to survival in an information community. The present study aimed to determine information literacy and its contributing factors in the students of

Introduction:American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana, are the most important pests in hospitals and dwelling environments. They are mechanical vectors of some bacterial pathogens.Goal:The present investigation was carried out in Ghods hospital and 5 dwelling localities of Paveh city to evaluate bacterial infestations of American cockroaches in this region of Iran.Methods:The samples were randomly collected from hospital environments and toilets and kitchens of the dwelling localities from December-March 2012 and July-September 2013. The samples were captured using sterile test tubes and sterile hand gloves.Results:Totally, 98 cockroaches were collected from hospital (45.9%) and dwelling (54.1%) environments. Eight groups of bacteria including: Pseudomonas spp., Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Serratia spp., Entrobacter spp. and Escherichia coli were extracted.Conclusions:The findings of the present study revealed that the American cockroaches are very important in transmission of some bacterial pathogens, so health education and using the effective control methods to elimination and reduction of cockroaches are necessary.

Background & Aim: Educational self-efficacy implies a person's belief in his or her abilities in achieving educational goals and activities, the formation of which is influenced by various factors. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between academic selfefficacy and demographic variables in students of Kurdistan and Islamic Azad universities of Sanandaj during the academic year of 2011-2012. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 398 students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences and Islamic Azad University in Sanandaj during the academic year of 2015-2016. Sampling method was clustered. Demographic information form and academic self-efficacy questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20 and descriptive and inferential statistics including mean, standard deviation, independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were analyzed. Results: The mean score of academic self-efficacy of students was 100 ± 64.41 ± 12.04. Two groups of students in Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences (64.49 ± 12.13) and Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj (11.57 ± 63.90) did not have a significant difference in selfefficacy scores (p=0.65). There was a significant difference between academic self-efficacy and mother's job (p = 0.004) and household economic status (p = 0.02). Conclusion: The average score of students' academic performance is higher than average; variables such as having financial resources and parental education can be considered as effective factors in increasing student self-efficacy beliefs.

Background & Aim: Academic self-efficacy implies a person's belief in his or her abilities in achieving educational goals and activities, the formation of which is influenced by various factors. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between family cohesion and academic self-efficacy in students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences in 2015-2016. Methods & Materials:In this cross-sectional study the statistical population was Kurdistan University of medical sciences students, among whom 500 were studied. In this study, random stratified sampling with proportional allocation was used and each faculty was considered as a category, and the final samples were randomly selected from the classrooms from each faculty considering the share of the students of that faculty. Data were collected by Fischer Family Integrity Questionnaire and Educational Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. After completing questionnaires by the students, the data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: The mean score of family cohesion among the students was 59.07±11.24 and the mean score of the academic self-efficacy of the students was 103.45±18.88. There was a positive and significant relationship between academic self-efficacy and family cohesion among students (r=0.43, p<0.001). Conclusion:It is recommended to hold educational classes on the importance of families and their togetherness, as well as good and appropriate emotional relationships with each other for parents in health centers in Sanandaj.

Introduction: Spirituality is the most important aspect of human existentialism. This dimension is considered as a strong force in the center of life for more than one-third of the people worldwide. Spirituality is linked to health, a sense of goodness and recovery, and a factor in the continuation of life, finding its meaning and purpose. Aim: This study aimed to determine spiritual health level and its related factors in the students of Sanandaj universities in 2015. Method: The present study was a cross-sectional. The study population, were students of