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Fruit processing by-product, raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) seeds were utilized to obtain health beneficial oils. Cold pressing (CP) and supercritical CO 2 extraction (SFE) were applied to separate oil from seeds. Raspberry seed oils were analyzed in terms of fatty acids (FA) content, tocopherols, and functional quality indices. The residues after extractions were analyzed in terms of free and total ellagic acid content (TEAC). CP provided higher extraction yield than the SFE method. Oils isolated by both methods have a significant amount of ω-3 FA, even though oil obtained by SFE had slightly higher ω-3 FA content. Furthermore, oils obtained with both extraction methods exhibited high values of tocopherol content. In terms of ellagic acid content, residues after SFE had higher values of free and TEAC than residues after CP. Practical applications Raspberry seeds are currently underutilized by-product of the fruit processing industry. These seeds could be further processed to obtain oil with high quantity of essential ω-3 fatty acid and polyphenol extracts with high content of ellagic acid. Isolated oil and phenolic extracts could be used in various food, cosmetic, and nutraceutical products to increase its nutritive composition and functional properties. Utilization of cold pressing (conventional extraction technique) and supercritical CO 2 extraction (novel and green extraction technique) for oil recovery in the same study enables a direct comparison of these techniques and reveals the advantages and disadvantages of supercritical CO 2 extraction for potential industrial application. How to cite this article: Marić B, Abramović B, Ilić N, et al. Valorization of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.

A B S T R A C TAgricultural production is a Serbian main economic sector, presenting a base for the food industry. By analysing the public available data of the agriculture sector, applying a newly developed business model it is possible to assess the current situation and to realize the relation between variables, which can also be used for prediction of future trends in agricultural production and food industry. Within this paper an attempt was made to develop a novel artificial neural network model for better understanding the relation between the observed parameters and to estimate the efficiency in sustainability achievement and sector potential The well-known Cobb-Douglas production model was compared to the newly developed model. The presented models could be used to achieve the transformation towards a circular bioeconomy, by developing the national strategies for sustainable agricultural production, with the aim of better utilization of resources and reduction of wastes.

The primary aim of this experiment was to investigate the bioactivity potential and polyphenolic profile of defatted raspberry seeds (DRS) extracts from three varieties (Willamette, Meeker, and Polka) using the in vitro tests HPLC-DAD and UHPLC-Triple-TOF-MS. Extracts were obtained using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) or hydrolysis. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was tested using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) cation (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Furthermore, the extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity using the disk diffusion method for four bacterial cultures (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Enteritidis). In vitro antiproliferative activity was tested using cervical carcinoma (HeLa), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), and fetal lung (MRC-5) human cell lines. In total, 32 phenolic compounds were detected in DRS extracts. A small quantity of ellagic acid (EA) was in free form, while EA content increased after the hydrolysis process. The extracts from the Meeker variety exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, analyzed with DPPH and FRAP assays, while extracts from the Polka variety had the highest activity towards ABTS•+ radical scavenging activity. The UAE samples expressed higher antiproliferative activity in comparison to hydrolysis extracts. The results indicate that DRS extracts have certain bioactivity, and their use in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries is recommended.