The phenomenon of inter-neighbourhood disparities is taking on worrying proportions in the city of Boussa?da. The quantitative study of disparities provides us with alarming figures on the social and spatial dimensions. Our research has shown a negative correlation between the indices of residential segregation and school success rates, specifically with a strong residential segregation through the overcrowded peripheral neighbourhoods, and a low level of school facilities. The study of inter-neighbourhood disparities in the city of Boussa?da, affirmed a strong residential segregation with 0.780 as the value of the segregation index and ghettos evaluated at 6 on the scale of Poulssen. The other result at the level of school facilities with indices of zonal aptitude varying between 0.41 and 1.02 on the neighbourhoods of ?Maitar and Sidi Slimane? on a scale of 0 to 5. These figures are alarming for local authorities and require a search for social diversity and a re-evaluation of the methods of decision making for the allocation of school facilities based on socio-economic data and a level of facilities comparable to a national average. Its objectives are the result of combining social and spatial indicators in a square matrix by Saaty's AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. It is in this complex urban context that geographic information systems (GIS) can be used as a decision support tool, with a dashboard that displays in real time the situation of the different districts of the city, by means of disparity indices.

The current residential production in Algeria is diverse, but is relatively similar in terms of design. The similarity in design has become inevitable, due to the scarcity of realestate, the increasing demand for housing, and the rise of the urban population. Because of the aforementioned reasons, we notice that the peculiarities of the local communities that structure the Algerian societies are not taken into account. The urban design of the local communities (Kabyle, Mzabi, Shawi, Targui...) show evident similarities overall; however, some details are imposed by the local culture of each community. Those details are absent in contemporary residential production. Through this study, we aim to identify a number of cultural peculiarities of the local Naily community in the region of Djelfa, the ways these peculiarities reflect on the local traditional construction, and the set of mechanisms for inclusion in contemporary housing production. The study is divided in two parts: a theoretical part, in which we highlighted the interrelationship between cultural peculiarities, urbanism and the local community, and an applied part in which we employed the Delphi technique and chose the region of Djelfa as a case study. The results show the following: 43 answers through the application of Delphi Method by experts distributed on the three questions asked which in general provided important pieces of information, through which we were able to access the set of cultural peculiarities of the local community in the region of Djelfa, the reflection of these peculiarities on the local construction and how to include some solutions to address the current residential production in a way that protects the cultural peculiarities of the Naily community in the region of Djelfa.

The city of Bou Sa?da is one of the Algerian cities that have diverse tourism resources, but it has not been adopted as a premier tourist spot nor has it benefited from the tourism programs established within the national strategy for sustainable tourism development for Horizons 2030, which made the tourism weak compared to other Algerian regions that have similar tourism elements. This study aims to evaluate the existing tourism strategy to address the shortcomings and provide solutions by focusing on four variables: tourist destination, tourism industry, the tourist market, and actors in tourism. We have relied on the following techniques: SWOT analysis to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the tourism sector in Bou Sa?da, MCDA Analysis using AHP for spatial planning for the future tourism industry, and a questionnaire form distributed to the residents, the tourists and the experts to take their suggestions and use them in guiding the tourism planning process. The results of the study proved that there is a weakness in the tourism planning process in the city of Bou Sa?da, which negatively affects the tourism traffic, that is still weak compared to the qualifications it has, which if exploited according to a wellthought-out strategy, the city will become a targeted tourist destination.

The protection of urban heritage is not an abstract intellectual theory, as it resembles any planning process subject to a set of factors. Those factors are determined in a progressive and continuous way by the actors of this field. If the political decision was considered the main motor of its dimensions and objectives, the technical factor is not less important, it is embodied these dimensions and objectives. In this context this study came to approximate between the Points of View the first and the second the area of conservation the World archaeological site Al Qal?a Bani Hammed in Algeria (PPMVSA). Although their theoretical reference is the same, but technical evaluation has different in determining the protection perimeter, using the geographic information system (GIS) and multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to systematically and precisely analyse the factors controlling the determination of the archaeological protection area, we are reducing the percentage of biased points of view and we propose an alternative to protection plan based on precise scientific principles and standards.