The emergence and spread of carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacilli such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa through the production of carbapenemases is a global phenomenon. It threatens patient care and leads to therapeutic impasses. This study aims to genotypically determine the prevalence of the most frequent carbapenemase genes among multidrug-resistant E. coli strains isolated from patients at a biomedical analysis laboratory. A total of fifty-three unduplicated E. coli strains isolated from patient samples with a multidrug-resistant (MDR) profile were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for carbapenem resistance genes. This study allowed us to identify fifteen strains carrying resistance genes among the fifty-three E. coli strains. All fifteen strains produced the metallo-β-lactamase enzymes; this represents a rate of 28.30% of study strains. Among these strains, ten carried the NDM resistance gene, NDM and VIM genes were detected in three strains and VIM was identified in two strains of E. coli. However, carbapenemases A (KPC and IMI), D (OXA-48), and IMP were not detected in the strains studied. Thus, NDM and VIM are the main carbapenemases detected in the strains in our study.

Introduction: In Burkina Faso, several investigations have raised suspicions that hospital liquid effluents are the source of contaminants in porbeagle-culture products and surface water in urban and peri-urban areas. This study aimed to evaluate the Hygienic quality of hospital liquid effluents discharged into nature by the UHC Bogodogo (UHC-BOG), Yalgado Ouédraogo (UHC-YO) and the WWTS of Kossodo (WWTS-KOS). Methodology: 15 samples of liquid effluents (five per site) discharged into nature were collected. Within the physicochemical parameters, the COD, BOD5, TSS, conductivity, copper, iron, hafnium, silver, mercury, lead and cadmium of these samples were determined using standards methods. Results: The mean values of conductivity were 1956.80±81.30, 812.80 ±45.22 and 956.00 ±39.96 μS/cm for WWTS-KOS, UHC-BOG and UHC-YO respectively. TSS were 338.20± 38.80, 45.00 ±5.79 and 187.80 ±27.58 mg/L respectively. COD were 274.80 ± 20.46, 35.00 ±5.52 and 139.80 ±25.53 mg/L respectively. BOD5 were 186.40 ±68.68, 26.20 ±4.82 and 81.80 ±15.63 mg/L respectively. Mercury were 1.93±0.38, 4.04±0.38 and 14.37±1.65 µg/L respectively. Lead were 434.70±202.42, 310.50±4.09 and 367.43±94.01 µg/L respectively. Cadmium 79.59±19.48, 109.94±8.43 and 80.26±7.85 µg/L respectively. Copper were 27.66±3.33, 30.84±1.65 and 28.32±2.36 mg/L respectively. Iron was detected only on the STEP-KOS with an average of 71.01±37.83 mg/L. Hafnium were 50.27±4.49 and 51.58±4.61 mg/L for WWTS-KOS and UHC-BOG respectively. Silver were 34.26±3.06 for WWTS-KOS. Conclusion: Liquid hospital effluents from Ouagadougou discharged into nature on the whole do not respect the Burkinabè normative values for the discharge of wastewater into the environment. On the three sites, the differences found where significant (p<0.05)

Background: In Burkina Faso, suspicions have been raised that hospital liquid effluents are a source of microbiological contaminants in surface waters of urban and peri-urban areas. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic residues and the antibiotic resistance phenotype of potential pathogenic bacteria in the hospital liquid effluents discharged into nature by the CHUs Bogodogo, Yalgado Ouédraogo and the WWTS of Kossodo. Methods: Fifteen samples of liquid effluents discharged into nature were collected. Antibiotic residues were identified by HPLC. A wavelength of 254 nm for the UV detector was set. Antibiotic testing was realized according to CASFM 2019 recommendations. Results: Three molecules including Amoxicillin, Chloramphenicol and Ceftriaxone were detected in 13 samples. The strains characterized were 06 E. coli, 09 Pseudomonas spp, 05 Staphylococcus aureus and 04 Salmonella spp. Thus, none of the strains was resistant to Imipenem, but they were resistant to Amoxiclav with rates of 83.33% (E. coli), 88.88% (Pseudomonas spp) and 100% (Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp). Conclusion: Ouagadougou hospital liquid effluents discharged into nature are contaminated with antibiotic residues and potential pathogenic bacteria.