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Social connections between villages can represent farmers'interests and thus benefit participatory rural relocation planning. With rural development, however, these connections will change and may weaken the adaptation of relocation plans to future rural systems. As yet, most studies still use empirical social connections to guide relocation planning, while a few have incorporated predicted connections in the context of rural development into relocation decisions. Meanwhile, spatial optimization approaches have seldom been adopted to solve this geographical decision issue. Accordingly, our study proposes a novel spatial relocation framework that incorporates changed inter-village social connections under future rural development scenarios. Empirical inter-village connections and their policy-induced changes in central China were explored using social network analysis. An integration of particle swarm optimization and geographic information systems was adopted to identify the relocation solutions with maximum inter-village connections and maximum spatial land use compactness, and to examine how connection changes under different policy scenarios influenced relocation outcomes. The results demonstrate the significance of incorporating policy-induced social connections into relocation plans, and most importantly, show the negative relations between changed social connections | 689 LIU et aL.

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In practice, alarms configured for steady operating states often become a nuisance during the start-up operation of industrial equipment. As a result, they not only distract plant operators, but may also cause worse consequences, such as pump trips. Motivated by such as a practical problem, this paper presents a new alarm monitoring method for equipment start-up operations. The proposed method is capable of preventing nuisance alarms as well as achieving effective alarm monitoring during equipment start-ups. The contributions of this work are two-fold: First, an offline design framework is proposed to detect the maximum unsuppression delay time and formulate dynamic alarm limits; second, an online algorithm for alarm monitoring of equipment start-ups is proposed on the basis of the designed dynamic alarm limits and the calculation of an exact unsuppression delay time. The effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method are demonstrated by an industrial case study.