The growing need for mental workload (MWL) optimization on the shop floor yields an impressive increase in theoretical and applied references to the concept of mental workload (Young et al. 2014). However, do we really understand and agree upon what mental workload exactly is? Does it include emotional load? Can we rely upon an explanatory framework? The present account first runs a critical concept analysis on mental workload, based on the Walker and Avant (2011) method. Results show that existing definitions and theoretical accounts arbitrarily include and exclude defining variables and describe these variables on various levels of abstraction, misuse pivotal terms such as mediation and moderation, and do not theoretically explicitate the role of yet repeatedly operationalized emotional load variables such as frustration. We therefore clarify the concept by disentangling MWL into its antecedents, defining attributes and consequences. Next, we derive a clearcut conceptual definition and present a generic explanatory frameworkthe latter extended with insights from Cognitive Load Theory (Sweller 1988; 1994). We conclude with a set of suggestions for future research and practice. Next to contributing to the theoretical clarification of this hallmark concept, the concept analysis and derived explanatory framework, as proposed, can foster solid research practices and support practitioners in contextualizing MWL-assessment and in effectively optimizing MWL.

Healthcare organizations are confronted with challenges including the contention between tightening budgets and increased care needs. In the light of these challenges, they are becoming increasingly aware of the need to improve their processes to ensure quality of care for patients. To identify process improvement opportunities, a thorough process analysis is required, which can be based on real-life process execution data captured by health information systems. Process mining is a research field that focuses on the development of techniques to extract process-related insights from process execution data, providing valuable and previously unknown information to instigate evidence-based process improvement in healthcare. However, despite the potential of process mining, its uptake in healthcare organizations outside case studies in a research context is rather limited. This observation was the starting point for an international brainstorm seminar. Based on the seminar's outcomes and with the ambition to stimulate a more widespread use of process mining in healthcare, this paper formulates recommendations to enhance the usability and understandability of process mining in healthcare. These recommendations are mainly targeted towards process mining researchers and the community to consider when developing a new research agenda for process mining in healthcare. Moreover, a limited number of recommendations are directed towards healthcare organizations and health information systems vendors, when shaping an environment to enable the continuous use of process mining.

Cognitive load plays an important role during learning and working, as it has been linked to wellfunctioning cognitive processes, performance, burnout and depression. Nonetheless, attempts to assess cognitive load in real-time by means of physiological data have been proven difficult, and interpreting these data remains challenging.The aim of this study is to examine whether and how well experienced cognitive load can be measured through psychophysiological data. The approach of this study is rather unique, for a combination of reasons. First, this study takes a multimodal approach, monitoring EDA (electrodermal activity), EEG (electroencephalography) and EOG (electrooculography). Second, this study is based on a relatively intensive data collection (N = 46) in a controlled lab setting in which varying cognitive load levels are deliberately induced. Finally, not only focussing on statistical significance, but also on the size of the association gives insights into how suitable physiological markers are to measure cognitive load. Results from a multilevel analysis suggest that the following physiological markers might be related to cognitive load, for example, in an industrial context: the rate and the duration of skin conductance responses, the alpha power, the alpha peak frequency and the eye blink rate. About 22.8% of the variance in self-reported cognitive load can be explained using these five measures.

House brokers typically intuit that any type of warmth cause people to buy houses more frequently. Is this empirical reality? The authors investigated this through people's attachment towards advertised houses. A wealth of research has now linked thermoregulation to relationships (cf. IJzerman et al., 2015), and here the authors purport that this extends to people's relationships with house as a more novel solution to an ancient problem: Shielding from the cold. The present package tests a preregistered idea that colder temperatures increase people's need to affiliate and, in turn, increase people's estimations of how homely a house is (measured through communality). The hypotheses of the first two studies were partly right:The authors only found that actual lower temperatures (not motivation and through a cup and outside temperature) induced people to find a house more communal, predicted by their need to affiliate. Importantly, this even predicts whether people find the house more attractive, and increases their willingness to pay for the house (Studies 1 and Study 2). The third study did not pan out as predicted, but still affected people's need to affiliate. The authors reason that this was caused by a methodological shortcoming (namely not directly being affected by temperature). The present work provides novel insights into how a house becomes a home.Keywords: grounded cognition, social thermoregulation, need for affiliation, home, communality, attachment Homely Thermoregulation: How Physical Coldness Makes an Advertised House a HomeThroughout history, humans have been searching and creating spatial demarcationsfor example alcoves, grottos, huts, and eventually houses -keeping its members safe not only from predation, but also warm under temperatures endangering survival. Because of this vital role in survival, people have formed models of houses with functions beyond survival, as houses can fulfill an belonging need by making it a home (e.g., Dovey, 1985;Fullilove, 1996), or, as attachment theory would have it, a "safe haven" (Manzo, 2003;Moore, 2000).Here, we propose that the cognitive mechanisms framing those spatial demarcations as "home" are derived from the same physiological mechanisms that originally helped us to be shielded from the cold through other people.Amongst early humans and other mammals, conspecifics helped in keeping us warm in order to decrease the metaboblic costs of a cold environment (cf. IJzerman and colleagues, 2015). But as effective as relationships may be in relating to others, a house may well have (partly) replaced those socially borne functions, in the same way as lower temperatures sparks attachment to other people and can be fulfilled through renting romance movies (Hong & Sun, 2012) or feeling nostalgic (Zhou et al., 2012). We will explicate and empirically validate how houses offer a socially supportive function -fulfilling the "need to affiliate" through "feeling at home" -all of it fulfilling thermoregulatory needs. Finally, we think that the link between tem...

Designing assembly instructions is mostly considered to be a non-designer task. Hence, in many companies, it is performed by production planners or instructional designers. However, analysing product components and looking for clues on how these components can be fitted together into a subassembly or final product is a fundamental part of assembly. Product designers play an important role in the way these components are perceived by the operator. This paper discusses the need and importance of a new approach to product design focused on how the assembly design can promote meaning to the operator, supporting operator cognition. The aim of this approach is to guide assembly operators more intuitively through their increasingly complex tasks. Doing so will allow them to avoid some of the major drawbacks that are present when using procedural instructions. Hence, this approach has the potential to decrease cognitive load and frustration, and increase mental wellbeing, work motivation and efficiency. As a first step towards this new approach, a conceptual framework is constructed, and insights are formulated after reviewing various design theories and concepts of design for meaning on their potential in a context of manual assembly.