The results of this evidence-based structured review indicate that COAT exposure will lead to abuse/addiction in a small percentage of CPPs, but a larger percentage will demonstrate ADRBs and illicit drug use. These percentages appear to be much less if CPPs are preselected for the absence of a current or past history of alcohol/illicit drug use or abuse/addiction.

No abstract

There is not sufficient evidence to support or refute the existence of OIH in humans except in the case of normal volunteers receiving opioid infusions. Prospective CPP clinical studies measuring ptrs and tolerances pre- and post-opioid placement with CPP non-opioid control groups are required.

No abstract

Smoking status in CPPs is associated with some variables that are similar for smoking in the general and psychiatric populations (education, race, alcoholism). However, a number of variables expected to be relevant (e.g., mood disorders) were not associated with smoking status in CPPs. These results may not be generalizable to all CPPs as they are derived from CPPs who are return-to-work candidates.