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Purpose -The purpose of this study is to explore the links from self-focused emotional labor (surface acting) and other-focused emotional labor (emotional enhancement) to job satisfaction, affective commitment, emotional exhaustion, and intentions to quit. Design/methodology/approach -The study employed a cross-sectional survey of 363 nurses' aides and childcare workers. Findings -Surface acting, a type of self-focused emotional labor, was related to negative work outcomes (lower job satisfaction and affective commitment as well as higher turnover intentions and emotional exhaustion). Emotional enhancement, a form of other-focused emotional labor, was related to positive outcomes (lower turnover intentions and emotional exhaustion) when performed for clients' family members, but not for clients.Research limitations/implications -The cross sectional design of this study limits the ability to map the temporal ordering of these relationships, and thus to determine if emotional enhancement is a job resource or response to positive work experiences. In addition, two helping occupations -nurses' aides and child care workers -were sampled, and thus, the findings may not generalize to other types of occupations. Originality/value -This study adds to the research about job-related emotional labor because other-focused emotional labor largely has been neglected in previous research. In addition, it is the first to differentiate workers' emotional labor with different groups of clients (patients/children; family members).

The primary aim of this investigation was to examine the extent to which the meanings women attach to their provider‐role responsibilities are differentially related to their psychological well‐being and family relationships and to the division of labor in the home. The sample included 43 dualearner and 50 single‐earner families. In home interviews, wives reported on role overload, depression, satisfaction with the marriage, and attitudes regarding women's and men's roles. Their children completed two measures assessing daily hassles and their relationship with their mother. Reports of daily involvement in household work were obtained from wives and husbands during four telephone interviews. Discriminant function analyses indicated that aspects of women's psychological well‐being and marital and parent‐child relationships and of the division of labor discriminated women in four different provider groups: maidsecondary providers, ambivalent coproviders, coproviders, and homemakers. Wives who were ambivalent about their provider responsibilities tended to report higher levels of depression and overload and significantly lower marital satisfaction. Wives who saw their employment as secondary to that of their husbands reported relatively higher levels of depression and overload but also the highest levels of marital satisfaction.

Emotional labor, Family-to-work conflict, Family-to-work facilitation, Work-to-family conflict, Work-family facilitation,

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