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Several police services have aligned themselves in a variety of modes with higher education (HE) since 2005 as part of the localisation of the Initial Police Learning and Development Programme (IPLDP). The two main modes for delivering HE are analysed and compared. The concept of the reflective practitioner, how this might be achieved and the effectiveness of reflective practice will be used to compare the effectiveness of the two modes of delivery. One important aspiration of the modern police service is to reflect fully the constituency and communities that each service represents. The application of HE delivery modes to police recruitment may seem to threaten meeting these equal opportunity aspirations; the validity of such assumptions will be considered.

This study gathered 197 participants, interviewed within 48 hours of being victims of Hate Crime. This immediate follow-up should ensure accurate responses. The responses of the victims were compared to that of 113 Welsh front-line staff who respond to and support such victims. The barriers to reporting are found to be broadly similar with the findings of other UK studies. A considerable difference in understanding of the barriers to reporting hate crime was found between the victims and support services. The main reason given for non-reporting was common: the poor service, attitude and treatment from the police.

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