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Workload techniques may be divided into two broad classes: 1) Analytic techniques — predictive techniques that may be applied early in system design before “operator-in-the-loop” studies; and 2) Empirical techniques — workload measurements taken with “operator-in-the-loop” during simulator, prototype, or system evaluations. Described here are five categories of the analytic techniques: 1) Comparability Analysis; 2) Mathematical Models; 3) Expert Opinion; 4) Task Analytic Methods; and 5) Simulation Models. A description, with examples, is given for each category. The motivation for focusing on the analytic techniques lies in their application during the earliest stages of system development where the greatest design flexibility is available at the least cost.