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Early hydrologic and hydraulic numerical modeling of urban drainage systems focused on the minor system (i.e. storm sewer only). Over the past three decades there has been increased interest in the concurrent evaluation of the conveyance capacity of the major system (i.e. overland flow-roadways). More and more, these two systems are being modeled dynamically, using a linked approach known as dual drainage modeling. Dual drainage modeling allows for an improved assessment of the deficiencies in both systems, through integrated assessments which consider the interaction between the two systems.Of key interest in dual drainage models is the representation of inlet capture functions (roadway catchbasins and ditch inlets) since these intrinsically link the two often-parallel flow conveyance systems. The accurate representation of these features is critical, given the potential implications for basement flooding, surface ponding or flooding, and the development of appropriate drainage system designs. This paper describes various methods of modeling these functions and assesses them under different conditions, using models that had been developed for several urban communities. The relative benefits and drawbacks of each method are given and discussed, along with associated considerations for minor and major system design in dual drainage modeling.

Background: Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) encompasses a broad range of lymphoproliferative diseases affecting the skin and can be clinically misleading due to its variable presentation. Nail alterations commonly appear in advanced-stage mycosis fungoides and true Sézary syndrome; however, they may be present in any stage of the disease. Although proper recognition of nail involvement in CTCL has both clinical and therapeutic value, specific nail findings have been infrequently described in the current literature. Observations: We describe 4 patients with CTCL who presented with clinically significant nail alterations. The most common findings were nail discoloration, thickening, crumbling, onycholysis, and onychomadesis. Other notable findings included splinter hemorrhages, subungual hyperkeratosis, and anonychia. Conclusions and Message: The described cases illustrate many of the documented nail findings associated with CTCL and emphasize the variable nature of nail manifestations. The presence of specific nail alterations should increase the clinical suspicion of CTCL - especially in patients with concomitant systemic and/or cutaneous manifestations - and early biopsy specimens should be taken for diagnosis. Nail alterations should also be accurately described and monitored in all patients with biopsy-confirmed CTCL to help identify treatment response and detect disease recurrence.

This chapter describes the use of the HSP-F program methodology to model and design best management practices (BMPs) for a proposed freeway interchange in Hamilton, Ontario within the Red Hill Creek watershed. BMP screening and agency liaison have led to the selection of a constructed wetland, along with associated companion BMPs, as the preferred solution for addressing fisheries and water quality criteria for this freeway interchange.Urban highway runoff typically contains suspended sediments, heavy metals, nutrients, oil and grease, bacteria and other pollutants. Artificial wetlands, constructed for stormwater treatment, provide efficient particulate pollutant removal, and the capability for both nutrient uptake and soluble pollutant removal. The wetlands' removal capabilities are directly linked to the biological interactions with aquatic vegetation in

Age can significantly affect the accuracy and sensitivity of MIBI and SUS in targeted PTX for patients with pHPT. Across all age groups, IPM remains more accurate than preoperative localization studies. For the elderly, in whom multiglandular disease appears increased, surgeons should have a lower threshold for conversion to bilateral neck exploration.