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SUMMARYBismuth compounds, in particular bismuth subsalicylate and colloidal bismuth subcitrate, are now being actively promoted for the treatment of diarrhoea and peptic ulcer disease. The past history of the therapeutic use of bismuth compounds has been marred by episodes of serious adverse reactions. Salicylism is a possible complication with bismuth subsalicylate. This article reviews the pertinent literature on the reported adverse reactions to bismuth compounds to provide the necessary background to assess the value of bismuth subcitrate and bismuth subsalicylate as therapeutic compounds.

Embryonic zebrafish were examined for changes in protein expression following exposure to sublethal concentrations of 17beta-estradiol (E2) and the estrogen mimic 4-nonylphenol (4-NP). Protein Expression Signatures were derived from embryo homogenates by two-dimensional electrophoresis and digital imaging. In both experiments approximately 30% of the proteins sampled were specific to either E2 or 4-NP and about 33% were common to the control, 4-NP and E2. However, of the proteins induced by either E2 or 4-NP, 28% were common to both chemicals at 1 ppm but only 7% were common to both at 0.1 ppm. While there are many proteins that respond specifically to each chemical, relatively few are common to the two chemicals suggesting that the response pathways of the two chemicals are distinct.