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Objectives Meditation practices and the therapeutic interventions that involve them are numerous, heterogeneous, and multidimensional. Despite this, many researchers have noted a tendency for studies of meditation-and mindfulness-based interventions to inadequately describe the interventions themselves, limiting valid comparisons, generalizations, and identification of mediators and moderators of therapeutic change. To address this, we identified and organized features of meditation-based interventions reported in study publications as an initial step toward systematically developing a reporting guideline. Methods A content analysis of 118 meditation-based intervention studies, informed by existing theoretical proposals of key features of meditation practices and interventions. Results Significant variability and inconsistency were found in the reporting of structural features of meditation-based programs as well as descriptions of the practices and activities within them. Based on features' prevalence, co-occurrences, and defining themes, a preliminary Meditation-based Intervention Design (MInD) framework and reporting checklist were developed. Conclusions Findings can inform further development of a reporting guideline and aid in identifying variables of meditation practices and their contexts that are responsible for or influence their effects. This can enhance the quality of research in the field and contribute to improving the effectiveness of meditation-and mindfulness-based interventions.Keywords Meditation . Mindfulness . Interventions . Research reporting guidelines . Content analysis Meditation is a generic term used to describe a wide variety of spiritual, healing, and contemplative practices employed for over 5000 years (Nash et al. 2013;Ospina et al. 2007). There is no consensus definition, although meditation is commonly described as some form of mental training (Eifring 2016;Nash et al. 2013;Ospina et al. 2007). In scientific literature, meditation is generally described as a practice, exercise, or training of awareness or self-, emotion, or attention regulation (Eifring 2016). Meditation may also refer to the states of consciousness or experience that arise during these practices (Nash et al. 2013).Meditation practices are found in many religious traditions, including Judaism, Christianity, Islamic Sufism, and Daoism, but are particularly emphasized in Buddhism and Hinduism (Eifring 2016;Lutz et al. 2007). Types of Buddhist meditations include mindfulness of breathing, foundations of mindfulness, loving-kindness, compassion, contemplation of mortality, meditation on foulness, the six recollections, tantric techniques, and mantra recitation, among others. There are also several meditations specific to Tibetan Buddhist teachings (e.g., Dzogchen, Mahamudra), Zen Buddhism (e.g., Zazen, Shikantaza, Koan), and other Buddhist schools (Dahl et al. 2015;Lutz et al. 2007). Meditation practices from Hinduism include pratyahara (i.e., sense withdrawal), pranayama (i.e., breath regulation), dharana (i.e., con...

Eating disorders (ED's) are the deadliest of all mental disorders, yet there is a paucity of research examining the clinical presentation of eating disorders in Hispanic populations and limited guidelines for culturally sensitive treatment. Given the rapid growth of Hispanic communities in the U.S., it is important to acknowledge the unique clinical profile of patients within this demographic and examine eating pathology within this socio-cultural context. This case study aims to illustrate the utility, relevance, and effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on alleviating eating disorder symptoms in an adult Latina patient with bulimia nervosa to understand the broader implications of applying manualized treatments to diverse populations. We outline the strengths of CBT in quickly modifying problematic thought patterns and decreasing pathological behaviors while raising questions about cultural generalizability. In addition, we explore CBT's limitations in addressing certain underlying ED pathology-driving and maintaining factors for minority individuals. K E Y W O R D S bulimia nervosa, cognitive behavioral therapy, eating disorders, Hispanic, interpersonal psychotherapy, psychodynamic psychotherapy 1 | INTRODUCTION Eating disorders (EDs) are associated with high medical and psychiatric comorbidity, poor quality of life, and increased mortality. They are considered the deadliest of all mental disorders and are the 12th leading cause of disability in women from high-income nations (Hoek, 2016). While there have been considerable advancements in the treatment of ED's, there still remains a significant gap in the literature regarding the conceptualization and treatment of this disease in minority populations. Our primary knowledge of eating pathology and its related clinical considerations have been constrained by research that uses predominantly Caucasian female samples, and little is known about the generalizability of existing evidence-based interventions. Thus, providers are tasked with the challenge of adapting evidence-based programs that demonstrate a nuanced understanding of culturally salient factors, while still maintaining overall program efficacy. A recent review by Galmiche, Déchelotte, Lambert, and Tavolacci (2019) examined studies with reported ED prevalence with various populations and different methods of classification between the years 2000 and 2018. This study adopted illness classifications from both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-IV and DSM-5 andre-conceptualized overall ED prevalence to encompass both systems of classification. Among the 33 selected studies, the weighted means of lifetime eating disorder prevalence were 8.4% for women and 2.2% for men. For individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), the weighted means of lifetime prevalence for women and men were 1.4% and 0.2%, respectively. When examining the prevalence of bulimia nervosa (BN), this study found that the weighted means were 1.9% for women and 0.6% for men. For women and men with binge eating disorder (BED...

Background. Suicide capability (fearlessness about death [FAD], preparation, and perceived capability [PC]) is presumed to be static, or to increase with exposure to provocative events. However, tests of this assumption have primarily used non-clinical samples. We examined short-term changes in capability among patients in a partial hospital program. Methods. We enrolled 296 adult patients (186 [62.7%] female; Mage=36.13, SDage=14.75) who completed diagnostic interviews and questionnaires assessing demographics, capability, and suicide ideation (SI) at intake. Capability was re-assessed twice during treatment and again at discharge, and SI was re-assessed at discharge. We used latent growth modeling (LGM) to quantify changes in capability. Results. FAD, preparation, and PC decreased from intake to discharge (ps<.001, ds=0.24-0.63) and unconditional LGM models suggested that all facets changed significantly throughout treatment. FAD was positively associated with preparation (r=0.57) and PC (r=0.25) at intake (ps<.001), but changes in FAD did not predict changes in other facets. Greater SI at intake was concurrently associated with higher capability (βs=0.26-1.83, ps<.01) and predicted steeper declines in preparation (β=-0.23) and PC (β=-0.04), ps=.04. Finally, higher intake preparation predicted more severe SI at discharge (β=0.16, p<.001). Limitations. There was no control group and there was unequal spacing between in-treatment assessments among participants. Results for SI may have been impacted by floor effects. Conclusions. Results suggest that aspects of capability can change over a short time. Conceptually related facets of capability did not change together; thus, future investigations of the short-term dynamics of capability should not treat it as a unitary construct.

Introduction: Most evidence-supported treatments for psychiatric problems teach clients skills to incorporate into their daily lives. Yet little research rigorously examines the extent to which individuals absorb these strategies and can competently apply them outside of the therapeutic relationship.Objectives: The current study examined the degree to which self-injuring adolescents and their mothers (n = 30 dyads) and typical control mother-daughter dyads (n = 30) were able to utilize a multicomponent interpersonal validation-oriented skill from dialectical behavior therapy, after a single teaching. We also aimed to assess whether variance in Gentle, Interested, Validate, and Easy (GIVE) skill practice was associated with a physiological index of emotion regulation (respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]).Method: An observational coding system was developed to measure skill-related behavior across four key domains (be [ing] gentle, act[ing] interested, validation, and us[ing] an easy manner; GIVE) and applied during two family conflict discussions (pre-and postskills training). Mother and adolescent RSA data were collected at rest and across discussion tasks. Results: Behavioral indicators of skill use improved pre-topost skills training across the entire sample, except in one GIVE domain (easy manner). Self-injuring youth and their mothers demonstrated greater improvements than control