The objective is to compare the tactile rendering of real and virtual textile surfaces. A grooved woven (twill) and a hairy fabric (velvet) were studied. The virtual fabrics were simulated with a tactile device. The comparison was done by measuring the finger interaction in terms of coefficient of friction (COF) and induced vibrations, and brain activation by electroencephalography (EEG). EEG showed that the real and virtual twill fabrics are close, contrary to real and virtual velvets. The finger friction showed that for both fabrics the rendering of virtual compared to real fabrics is very good in terms of COF, low in terms of finger induced vibrations in high frequencies, but differs for the velvet texture for low frequencies.

The objective of this paper is to study the ability of polymer optical fiber (POF) to be inserted in a knitted fabric and to measure both pressure and friction when walking. Firstly, POF, marketed and in development, have been compared in terms of the required mechanical properties for the insertion of the fiber directly into a knitted fabric on an industrial scale, i.e. elongation, bending rigidity, and minimum bending radius before plastic deformation. Secondly, the chosen optical fiber was inserted inside several types of knitted fabric and was shown to be sensitive to friction and compression. The knitted structure with the highest sensitivity has been chosen for sock prototype manufacturing. Finally, a feasibility study with an instrumented sock showed that it is possible to detect the different phases of walking in terms of compression and friction.

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