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The lamb rumen walls were rapidly colonized by an abundant bacterial population after birth. This colonization was examined by electron microscopy in neonatal conventional lambs. The sequence of establishment of the epimural species during the 3 weeks following birth, and the distribution of bacteria on the different sacs of the rumen, were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The population was very dense and consisted of a limited number of morphological types by 2 days after birth. Three types of rods were dominant at that time. The microflora was more complex 2 weeks later. Observations by transmission electron microscopy of desquamated epithelial cells revealed the presence of adherent bacteria that are surrounded by fibrous carbohydrate coats and sometimes partially enclosed by invaginations of the epithelial cell.

A new strain of strictly anaerobic fungi was isolated from the rumen of sheep. This strain is characterized by a polycentric thallus, an extensive and polynuclear rhizomycelium, polyflagellated zoospores with gamma particle‐like bodies. We propose to assign this strain in a new species: Neocallimastix joyonii.

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