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Japanese production techniques and management have been the subject of numerous studies. This research has focused on a variety of areas such as technology, product design and development, process design and development, culture, and personnel management. These studies have made significant contributions to their fields by enhancing our understanding of the way these systems operate, on the one hand, and the ways to improve/fine-tune these systems on the other.An interesting aspect of these systems is employee involvement and feedback in problem solving and product/process improvement. Hackman and Oldham[1] have developed a well-known model which incorporates both of these variables. The Hackman-Oldham job characteristics model contends that providing employees with task variety, task identity, task significance, task autonomy, and feedback, will lead to three critical psychological states (experienced meaningfulness of the work, experienced responsibility for outcomes, and knowledge of actual results) which, in turn, will lead to high internal work motivation, high quality work performance, high work satisfaction, and low absenteeism and turnover.

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