Basilar invagination (BI) and Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) are very important anomalies that introduce instability and compression in the occipitocervical transition region and have complex clinical characteristics. These anomalies vary according to the affected structures. The present study revises current knowledge regarding the anatomy, anatomo-physiology, clinical manifestations, and radiological findings of these entities and the associated surgical treatment approaches. A bibliographic survey was performed through a search in the Medline, PubMed, SciELO, Science and LILACS databases. When associated, these craniovertebral malformations result in neurological deficits due to neural parenchyma compression; however, the presence of microtraumas due to repetitive lesions caused by the bulb and cervical marrow instability has been highlighted as a determinant dysfunction. Surgical treatment is controversial and has many technical variations. Surgery is also challenging due to the complex anatomical characteristics and biomechanics of this region. Nevertheless, advances have been achieved in our understanding of related mechanisms, and compression and atlantoaxial instability are considered key elements when selecting the surgical approach.
Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) infections with Vancomycin resistance in hospital complexes are a concern, a significant increase in the number of these occurrences is observed since it is one of the last available antibiotic therapy routes available for the treatment of infectious processes bacterium. Thus, this work aims to present the main mechanism of resistance induction of S. aureus to Vancomycin. The research used the databases Medline, Scielo, the electronic site of the Google Scholar databases as well as specialized magazines in the area. Thus, the selected articles showed that in the late 1950s almost half of S. aureus strains were resistant to penicillin, and in the 1970s the first cases of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) appeared; and thus, Vancomycin became employed in such cases. In 1996, the first case of S. aureus with intermediate resistance to vancomycin (VISA) was found. In 2002, the first case of Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) occurred, the latter being the only known to have the VanA gene until then. It was soon discovered that the emergence of this resistance occurred from the transfer of a plasmid with the transposon of the vancomycin resistant vanA, Tn1546 vancomycin (VRE) gene to an MRSA, which already had a plasmid for resistance to gentamicin and production of beta-lactamase. This new plasmid was disseminated to other S. aureus and thus disseminating a new resistance. Thus, the conclusion is that the cycle repeats itself and previously sensitive bacteria become resistant; thus, in this rhythm of emergence of bacterial resistance against antibiotic therapy is worrying, there will be a moment when there will be no antibiotic capable of acting in the fight against bacteria. This shows the need to understand the mechanism of resistance, the discovery of new antimicrobial drugs and the prevention of the spread of resistant microbes.Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin, microbial drug resistance, vancomycin resistance.
Os hemangioblastomas do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) são tumores benignos raros, classificados como grau I pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. São bastante vascularizados e correspondem de 1 a 2% dos tumores primários do SNC. A tomografia computadorizada, ressonância magnética (RM) e angiografia são utilizadas no diagnóstico, sendo esta última principalmente indicada quando evidenciada ao exame de neuroimagem a lesão vascularizada. No presente relato, descrevemos o caso de uma mulher de 68 anos com quadro de dorsalgia, perda de força muscular progressiva grau III no membro inferior direito e grau II no membro inferior esquerdo, nível sensitivo em T8. À RM da coluna vertebral sugeriu como hipótese imagem compatível com meningioma. Realizado tratamento cirúrgico, no qual ficou documentada, durante a abordagem, a lesão puramente extradural e posteriormente comprovada ao exame histopatológico, verificou-se tratar de um hemangioblastoma. O pós-operatório apresentou boa evolução clínica.
Introdução: Os gliomas são o tipo histológico mais frequente dos tumores primários do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC). As alteraçõesgênicas nas células tumorais revelam uma variabilidade considerável entre o mesmo tipo e grau. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da mutaçãoIsocitrado Desidrogenase (IDH-1) e codeleção do 1p19q na classificação e condução dos gliomas difusos de baixo grau. Método:Estudo retrospectivo observacional com análise de 154 pacientes com diagnóstico de glioma entre 2014 a 2018. Variáveis consideradas:idade, sexo, apresentação clínica, localização topográfica, imuno-histoquímica, Hibridização in situ Fluorescente (FISH), conduta esobrevida. Resultados: Os gliomas difusos de baixo grau corresponderam a 22,7% (n=35) do total de casos e, destes 25,7% (n=9)preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Percentual de 54,5% (n=6) do sexo masculino com faixa etária entre (14-58) e média de 37,7 anos.O sintoma inicial mais prevalente foi cefaleia (45%), seguido de crises convulsivas (33%), localização topográfica predominante lobotemporal (44,5%) e frontal (33,33%). IDH-1 foi 66,7% sem mutação e 33,3% com mutação. Percentual de 11,1% de codeleção 1p19q.A ressecção da lesão foi o tratamento de escolha em todos os pacientes com radioterapia adjuvante (54Gy) em 44,4%. Maior sobrevidafoi encontrada em IDH mutado. Conclusão: IDH-1 apresentou ausência de mutação para a maioria dos casos, codeleção do 1p19qinvestigada em menos da metade, definindo assim a maioria desses pacientes no grupo NOS.
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