No abstract

The rapid increase in the number of individuals with obesity, over the past four decades, is triggered by a number of complex interactions among factors. Despite the plethora of treatments available, side effects are commonly observed and, in this context, herbal medicines have been employed as an alternative form of therapy. Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) has been described as a promising new pharmacological approach to treat obesity. In order to better comprehend the mechanisms involved with this potential effect, the present study evaluated the effects of GbE treatment on diet-induced obese rats, focusing on the proteome and the oxidative stress defense system of visceral adipose tissue. After 14 days treatment, GbE significantly modulated 25 proteins. Retroperitoneal adipose tissue of treated animals exhibited higher amounts of proteins associated with adipogenesis (decorin), carbon metabolism and mitochondrial function (citrate synthase), and a concomitant reduction in adipocyte hypertrophy. In parallel, GbE down-regulated proteins involved in oxidative stress (peroxiredoxin) and the inflammatory response (complement C3, mast cell protease 1, and Ig gamma-2B chain C region). Moreover, also related to oxidative stress defense, GbE stimulated catalase activity, reduced malondialdehyde levels (lipid peroxidation indicator), and increased lactoylglutathione lyase levels. It was concluded that GbE acts as an antioxidant agent, and improved the proteome profile and oxidative stress response in the adipose tissue of diet-induced obese rats.

No abstract

This study aimed to analyze oxidative stress and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the salivary glands of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats with ad libitum consumption of chamomile tea in substitution of water for 21 days. Rats were divided in two control groups (untreated control and treated control) and two diabetic groups (untreated diabetic and treated diabetic). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) activities, total antioxidant status (TAS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were determined. The chemical composition of the chamomile essential oil revealed 39 compounds, accounting for 93.5% of the total oils. The polyphenolic profile of the tea showed the presence of apigenin, luteolin, umbelliferone, and esculetin. SOD, GPx, CAT, and TAS levels were lower in the parotid (PA) diabetic glands, but treatment increased their concentration in both the submandibular (SM) and PA diabetic salivary glands. Increased MDA levels were observed in the PA diabetic glands, which were decreased by the consumption of chamomile tea with a reduction in hyperglycemia compared to that in untreated diabetic rats. However, the SM diabetic glands showed no difference in the MDA content. The consumption of chamomile tea prevented oxidative stress in the PA glands of diabetic rats, exhibiting hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects. Thus, chamomile tea could be a potential candidate for preventing oral complications in diabetes mellitus.

Perestrelo BO. Antioxidant potential of chamomile tea in the salivary glands and its influence on the glycemic state of diabetic rats [dissertation]. São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia; 2018. Versão Original.The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of the administration of chamomile tea for 21 days on antioxidant parameters and oxidative stress of the parotid and submandibular glands. As well as the effect of tea consumption on the transport of glucose from the liver and possible systemic alterations. The groups studied were divided into untreated control (C), control treated with chamomile tea (CC), untreated diabetic (DM) and diabetic treated with chamomile tea (DMC). The induction of diabetes in the DM and DMC groups was performed with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg / kg body weight). On the 7th experimental day, the CC and DMC animals started treatment with chamomile tea. The enzymatic antioxidant systems were evaluated through the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and non-enzymatic pathway by total antioxidant (SAT).Oxidative stress was evaluated by the quantification of malondialdehyde (MDA).Serum insulin levels, glycemia, weight, and water and food intake were also analyzed. The glucose transport pathway was studied by evaluating the expression and quantification of AKT and AMPK proteins. The results confirm the hypoglycemic potential of chamomile tea, as well as its action in the control of polydipsia. The tea did not alter insulin levels, in addition it caused a reduction of p-AMPK expression. Treatment with tea caused an increase in the values of GPx and CAT activity in both the parotid gland and the submandibular gland. However, for TAS the tea caused only increase in the submandibular gland. In the parotid gland the tea decreased lipid peroxidation. The results confirm the antioxidant potential of chamomile tea in the parotid gland of diabetic animals after treatment.Conclusion: Treatment with chamomile tea is shown to be promising in preventing the oxidative damage present in diabetes mellitus, both in the salivary glands through the reduction of MDA and systemically due to its hypoglycemic potential.